Key mechanisms of micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) toxicity across taxonomic groups.

Autor: Matthews S; Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada., Mai L; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China., Jeong CB; Department of Marine Science, College of Nature Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea., Lee JS; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea., Zeng EY; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China., Xu EG; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark. Electronic address: elvis@biology.sdu.dk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP [Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol] 2021 Sep; Vol. 247, pp. 109056. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 21.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109056
Abstrakt: Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments, and detrimental biological effects have been observed on a variety of organisms, from bacteria and alga to plants and animals. A fast-growing number of toxicological studies report diverse responses and wide species-dependent sensitivity upon MNP exposure. While studies are dominated by in vivo animal tests, our understanding of cellular toxicity and the corresponding toxicity mechanisms is still limited. This challenges the proper assessment of environmental hazards and health risks of MNPs. In this review, we gathered and analyzed the up-to-date studies on humans, animals, plants, alga, and bacteria, and identified the similarities and differences in key toxicity mechanisms of MNPs across different taxonomic groups. Particularly, human cell-based studies at the cellular level provide fundamental and valuable information on the key toxicity mechanisms, which are essential to answer the question of whether and how MNPs pose health threats. In general, toxicity mechanisms of MNPs depend on their size, surface characteristics, polymer type, as well as cell type. Plausible toxicity mechanisms mainly include membrane disruption, extracellular polymeric substance disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, DNA damage, cell pore blockage, lysosome destabilization, and mitochondrial depolarization. A deeper understanding of these key mechanisms in different taxonomic groups can also improve both in vivo and in vitro models useful for predictive impact assessments of plastic pollution on the environment and human health.
(Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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