Divergent Gene Expression Following Duplication of Meiotic Genes in the Stick Insect Clitarchus hookeri.

Autor:	Wu C; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.; Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand.; New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand., Twort VG; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.; Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand.; Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Finland., Newcomb RD; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.; New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand., Buckley TR; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.; Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Genome biology and evolution [Genome Biol Evol] 2021 May 07; Vol. 13 (5).
DOI:	10.1093/gbe/evab060
Abstrakt:	Some animal groups, such as stick insects (Phasmatodea), have repeatedly evolved alternative reproductive strategies, including parthenogenesis. Genomic studies have found modification of the genes underlying meiosis exists in some of these animals. Here we examine the evolution of copy number, evolutionary rate, and gene expression in candidate meiotic genes of the New Zealand geographic parthenogenetic stick insect Clitarchus hookeri. We characterized 101 genes from a de novo transcriptome assembly from female and male gonads that have homology with meiotic genes from other arthropods. For each gene we determined copy number, the pattern of gene duplication relative to other arthropod orthologs, and the potential for meiosis-specific expression. There are five genes duplicated in C. hookeri, including one also duplicated in the stick insect Timema cristinae, that are not or are uncommonly duplicated in other arthropods. These included two sister chromatid cohesion associated genes (SA2 and SCC2), a recombination gene (HOP1), an RNA-silencing gene (AGO2) and a cell-cycle regulation gene (WEE1). Interestingly, WEE1 and SA2 are also duplicated in the cyclical parthenogenetic aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and Daphnia duplex, respectively, indicating possible roles in the evolution of reproductive mode. Three of these genes (SA2, SCC2, and WEE1) have one copy displaying gonad-specific expression. All genes, with the exception of WEE1, have significantly different nonsynonymous/synonymous ratios between the gene duplicates, indicative of a shift in evolutionary constraints following duplication. These results suggest that stick insects may have evolved genes with novel functions in gamete production by gene duplication. (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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