Responsible product design to mitigate excessive gambling: A scoping review and z-curve analysis of replicability.

Autor:	McAuliffe WHB; Division on Addiction Cambridge Health Alliance, A Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Malden, MA, United States of America., Edson TC; Division on Addiction Cambridge Health Alliance, A Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Malden, MA, United States of America.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America., Louderback ER; Division on Addiction Cambridge Health Alliance, A Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Malden, MA, United States of America., LaRaja A; Division on Addiction Cambridge Health Alliance, A Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Malden, MA, United States of America., LaPlante DA; Division on Addiction Cambridge Health Alliance, A Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Malden, MA, United States of America.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PloS one [PLoS One] 2021 Apr 20; Vol. 16 (4), pp. e0249926. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 20 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0249926
Abstrakt:	Objectives: Systematic mapping of evaluations of tools and interventions that are intended to mitigate risks for gambling harm. Design: Scoping Review and z-curve analysis (which estimates the average replicability of a body of literature). Search Strategy: We searched 7 databases. We also examined reference lists of included studies, as well as papers that cited included studies. Included studies described a quantitative empirical assessment of a game-based (i.e., intrinsic to a specific gambling product) structural feature, user-directed tool, or regulatory initiative to promote responsible gambling. At least two research assistants independently performed screening and extracted study characteristics (e.g., study design and sample size). One author extracted statistics for the z-curve analysis. Results: 86 studies met inclusion criteria. No tools or interventions had unambiguous evidence of efficacy, but some show promise, such as within-session breaks in play. Pre-registration of research hypotheses, methods, and analytic plans was absent until 2019, reflecting a recent embracement of open science practices. Published studies also inconsistently reported effect sizes and power analyses. The results of z-curve provide some evidence of publication bias, and suggest that the replicability of the responsible product design literature is uncertain but could be low. Conclusion: Greater transparency and precision are paramount to improving the evidence base for responsible product design to mitigate gambling-related harm. Competing Interests: The Division Current Funders: The Division on Addiction currently receives funding from the Addiction Treatment Center of New England via SAMHSA; EPIC Risk Management; The Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility (FAAR); DraftKings; the Gavin Foundation via the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); GVC Holdings, PLC; The Healing Lodge of the Seven Nations via the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of General Medical Sciences and National Institute on Drug Abuse); Health Resources in Action via the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Office of Problem Gambling Services; The Integrated Centre on Addiction Prevention and Treatment of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Hong Kong; St. Francis House via the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Bureau of Substance Addiction Services; and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas via MGM Resorts International. Division Funders within the Last Five Years: The Division on Addiction currently receives funding from the Addiction Treatment Center of New England via SAMHSA; EPIC Risk Management; The Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility (FAAR); DraftKings; the Gavin Foundation via the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); GVC Holdings, PLC; The Healing Lodge of the Seven Nations via the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of General Medical Sciences and National Institute on Drug Abuse); Health Resources in Action via the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Office of Problem Gambling Services; The Integrated Centre on Addiction Prevention and Treatment of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Hong Kong; St. Francis House via the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Bureau of Substance Addiction Services; and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas via MGM Resorts International. During the past 5 years, the Division on Addiction has also received funding from Aarhus University Hospital with funds approved by The Danish Council for Independent Research; ABMRF – The Foundation for Alcohol Research; Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC; the David H. Bor Library Fund, Cambridge Health Alliance; DraftKings; Fenway Community Health Center, Inc.; Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Addiction Services; Massachusetts Gaming Commission, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and University of Nevada, Las Vegas via MGM Resorts International. During the past five years, Debi A. LaPlante has served as a paid grant reviewer for the National Center for Responsible Gaming (NCRG; now International Center for Responsible Gaming), received travel funds, speaker honoraria, and a scientific achievement award from the ICRG, has received speaker honoraria and travel support from the National Collegiate Athletic Association, received honoraria funds for preparation of a book chapter from Universite Laval, received publication royalty fees from the American Psychological Association, and received course royalty fees from the Harvard Medical School Department of Continuing Education. Dr. LaPlante is a non-paid member of the New Hampshire Council for Responsible Gambling. During the past 5 years, Eric R. Louderback has received research funding from a grant issued by the National Science Foundation (NSF), a government agency based in the United States. His research has been financially supported by a Dean’s Research Fellowship from the University of Miami College of Arts & Sciences, who also provided funds to present at academic conferences. He has received travel support funds from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem to present research findings. William H. B. McAuliffe,Timothy C. Edson and Alexander La Raja have no funding disclosures to declare.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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