| Autor: |
Bender ML; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. morgan.l.bender@uit.no., Giebichenstein J; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway., Teisrud RN; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway., Laurent J; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway., Frantzen M; Akvaplan-Niva, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway., Meador JP; Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA., Sørensen L; SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, 7465, Trondheim, Norway., Hansen BH; SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, 7465, Trondheim, Norway., Reinardy HC; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, PA37 1QA, UK.; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway., Laurel B; Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, 97365, USA., Nahrgang J; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. |
| Abstrakt: |
Climate change, along with environmental pollution, can act synergistically on an organism to amplify adverse effects of exposure. The Arctic is undergoing profound climatic change and an increase in human activity, resulting in a heightened risk of accidental oil spills. Embryos and larvae of polar cod (Boreogadus saida), a key Arctic forage fish species, were exposed to low levels of crude oil concurrently with a 2.3 °C increase in water temperature. Here we show synergistic adverse effects of increased temperature and crude oil exposure on early life stages documented by an increased prevalence of malformations and mortality in exposed larvae. The combined effects of these stressors were most prevalent in the first feeding larval stages despite embryonic exposure, highlighting potential long-term consequences of exposure for survival, growth, and reproduction. Our findings suggest that a warmer Arctic with greater human activity will adversely impact early life stages of this circumpolar forage fish. |
