Salivary glands are a target for SARS-CoV-2: a source for saliva contamination.

Autor: Matuck BF; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Dolhnikoff M; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Duarte-Neto AN; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Division of Pathology, São Paulo, Brazil., Maia G; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Gomes SC; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Sendyk DI; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Zarpellon A; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., de Andrade NP; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Monteiro RA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Pinho JRR; Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Gomes-Gouvêa MS; Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Souza SC; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Kanamura C; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Division of Pathology, São Paulo, Brazil., Mauad T; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Saldiva PHN; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Braz-Silva PH; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Caldini EG; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., da Silva LFF; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; São Paulo Autopsy Service, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Journal of pathology [J Pathol] 2021 Jul; Vol. 254 (3), pp. 239-243. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 21.
DOI: 10.1002/path.5679
Abstrakt: The ability of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to spread and contaminate is one of the determinants of the COVID-19 pandemic status. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in saliva consistently, with similar sensitivity to that observed in nasopharyngeal swabs. We conducted ultrasound-guided postmortem biopsies in COVID-19 fatal cases. Samples of salivary glands (SGs; parotid, submandibular, and minor) were obtained. We analyzed samples using RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and histopathological analysis to identify SARS-CoV-2 and elucidate qualitative and quantitative viral profiles in salivary glands. The study included 13 female and 11 male patients, with a mean age of 53.12 years (range 8-83 years). RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 30 SG samples from 18 patients (60% of total SG samples and 75% of all cases). Ultrastructural analyses showed spherical 70-100 nm viral particles, consistent in size and shape with the Coronaviridae family, in the ductal lining cell cytoplasm, acinar cells, and ductal lumen of SGs. There was also degeneration of organelles in infected cells and the presence of a cluster of nucleocapsids, which suggests viral replication in SG cells. Qualitative histopathological analysis showed morphologic alterations in the duct lining epithelium characterized by cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization, as well as nuclear pleomorphism. Acinar cells showed degenerative changes of the zymogen granules and enlarged nuclei. Ductal epithelium and serous acinar cells showed intense expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS receptors. An anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was positive in 8 (53%) of the 15 tested cases in duct lining epithelial cells and acinar cells of major SGs. Only two minor salivary glands were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by immunohistochemistry. Salivary glands are a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 and provide a pathophysiological background for studies that indicate the use of saliva as a diagnostic method for COVID-19 and highlight this biological fluid's role in spreading the disease. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(© 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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