De novo Powered Air-Purifying Respirator Design and Fabrication for Pandemic Response.

Autor:	Kothakonda A; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA., Atta L; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Plana D; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Ward F; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA., Davis C; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; GenOne Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA., Cramer A; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Moran R; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Mine Survival, Panama City Beach, FL, USA., Freake J; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Fikst Product Development, Woburn, MA, USA., Tian E; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Mazor O; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Research Instrumentation Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Gorelik P; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Research Instrumentation Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Van C; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Borobot, Middleborough, MA, USA., Hansen C; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, MA, USA., Yang H; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA., Sinha MS; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA., Li J; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA., Yu SH; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA., LeBoeuf NR; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Dermatology, Center for Cutaneous Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA., Sorger PK; Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab) c/o Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	MedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences [medRxiv] 2021 Mar 29. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 29.
DOI:	10.1101/2021.03.25.21252076
Abstrakt:	The rapid spread of COVID-19 and disruption of normal supply chains resulted in severe shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly devices with few suppliers such as powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs). A scarcity of information describing design and performance criteria represents a substantial barrier to new approaches to address these shortages. We sought to apply open-source product development to PAPRs to enable alternative sources of supply and further innovation. We describe the design, prototyping, validation, and user testing of locally manufactured, modular, PAPR components, including filter cartridges and blower units, developed by the Greater Boston Pandemic Fabrication Team (PanFab). Two designs, one with a fully custom-made filter and blower unit housing, and the other with commercially available variants (the "Custom" and "Commercial" designs respectively) were developed. Engineering performance of the prototypes was measured and safety validated using NIOSH-equivalent tests on apparatus available under pandemic conditions, at university laboratories. Feedback on designs was obtained from four individuals, including two clinicians working in an ambulatory clinical setting and two research technical staff for whom PAPR use is a standard part of occupational PPE. Respondents rated the PanFab Custom PAPR a 4 to 5 on a 5 Likert-scale 1) as compared to current PPE options, 2) for the sense of security with use in a clinical setting, and 3) for comfort. The three other versions of the designs (with a commercial blower unit, filter, or both) performed favorably, with survey responses consisting of scores ranging from 3-5. Engineering testing and clinical feedback demonstrate that the PanFab designs represents favorable alternative PAPRs in terms of user comfort, mobility, and sense of security. A nonrestrictive license promotes innovation in respiratory protection for current and future medical emergencies.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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