The Presence of Another Individual Influences Listening Effort, But Not Performance.

Autor:	Pielage H; Amsterdam Universitair Medisch Centrum, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Eriksholm Research Centre, Snekkersten, Denmark., Zekveld AA; Amsterdam Universitair Medisch Centrum, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Saunders GH; Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom., Versfeld NJ; Amsterdam Universitair Medisch Centrum, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Lunner T; Eriksholm Research Centre, Snekkersten, Denmark., Kramer SE; Amsterdam Universitair Medisch Centrum, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Ear and hearing [Ear Hear] 2021 Nov-Dec 01; Vol. 42 (6), pp. 1577-1589.
DOI:	10.1097/AUD.0000000000001046
Abstrakt:	Objectives: The aim of this study was to modify a speech perception in noise test to assess whether the presence of another individual (copresence), relative to being alone, affected listening performance and effort expenditure. Furthermore, this study assessed if the effect of the other individual's presence on listening effort was influenced by the difficulty of the task and whether participants had to repeat the sentences they listened to or not. Design: Thirty-four young, normal-hearing participants (mean age: 24.7 years) listened to spoken Dutch sentences that were masked with a stationary noise masker and presented through a loudspeaker. The participants alternated between repeating sentences (active condition) and not repeating sentences (passive condition). They did this either alone or together with another participant in the booth. When together, participants took turns repeating sentences. The speech-in-noise test was performed adaptively at three intelligibility levels (20%, 50%, and 80% sentences correct) in a block-wise fashion. During testing, pupil size was recorded as an objective outcome measure of listening effort. Results: Lower speech intelligibility levels were associated with increased peak pupil dilation (PPDs) and doing the task in the presence of another individual (compared with doing it alone) significantly increased PPD. No interaction effect between intelligibility and copresence on PPD was found. The results suggested that the change of PPD between doing the task alone or together was especially apparent for people who started the experiment in the presence of another individual. Furthermore, PPD was significantly lower during passive listening, compared with active listening. Finally, it seemed that performance was unaffected by copresence. Conclusion: The increased PPDs during listening in the presence of another participant suggest that more effort was invested during the task. However, it seems that the additional effort did not result in a change of performance. This study showed that at least one aspect of the social context of a listening situation (in this case copresence) can affect listening effort, indicating that social context might be important to consider in future cognitive hearing research. Competing Interests: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 765329. There are no conflicts of interest financially or otherwise. (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Ear & Hearing is published on behalf of the American Auditory Society, by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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