Sex and Gender Bias in Kidney Transplantation: 3D Bioprinting as a Challenge to Personalized Medicine.
| Autor: | van Daal M; Department Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Muntinga ME; Department Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Steffens S; Department of Curriculum Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany., Halsema A; Faculty of Humanities/Philosophy, Amsterdam VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Verdonk P; Department Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) [Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle)] 2020 Jul 20; Vol. 1 (1), pp. 218-223. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 20 (Print Publication: 2020). |
| DOI: | 10.1089/whr.2020.0047 |
| Abstrakt: | In this article, we explore to what extent sex and gender differences may be reproduced in the 3D bioprinting of kidneys. Sex and gender differences have been observed in kidney function, anatomy, and physiology, and play a role in kidney donation and transplantation through differences in kidney size (sex aspect) and altruism (gender aspect). As a form of personalized medicine, 3D bioprinting might be expected to eliminate sex and gender bias. On the basis of an analysis of recent literature, we conclude that personalized techniques such as 3D bioprinting of kidneys alone do not mean that sex and gender bias does not happen. Therefore, sex and gender considerations should be included into every step of developing and using 3D-bioprinted kidneys: in the choice of design, cells, biomaterials, and X-chromosome-activated cells. Competing Interests: No competing financial interests exist. (© Manon van Daal et al. 2020; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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