Primate innate immune responses to bacterial and viral pathogens reveals an evolutionary trade-off between strength and specificity.

Autor:	Hawash MBF; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Montréal, Canada.; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt., Sanz-Remón J; Departamento de Fiscia Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50001, Zaragoza, Spain.; Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain., Grenier JC; Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Montreal, Canada., Kohn J; Department of Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329.; Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093., Yotova V; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Montréal, Canada., Johnson Z; Illumina, San Diego, CA 92122., Lanford RE; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227., Brinkworth JF; Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; jfbrinkw@illinois.edu lbarreiro@uchicago.edu.; Carl R. Woese, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801., Barreiro LB; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Montréal, Canada; jfbrinkw@illinois.edu lbarreiro@uchicago.edu.; Department of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2021 Mar 30; Vol. 118 (13).
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2015855118
Abstrakt:	Despite their close genetic relatedness, apes and African and Asian monkeys (AAMs) differ in their susceptibility to severe bacterial and viral infections that are important causes of human disease. Such differences between humans and other primates are thought to be a result, at least in part, of interspecies differences in immune response to infection. However, because of the lack of comparative functional data across species, it remains unclear in what ways the immune systems of humans and other primates differ. Here, we report the whole-genome transcriptomic responses of ape species (human and chimpanzee) and AAMs (rhesus macaque and baboon) to bacterial and viral stimulation. We find stark differences in the responsiveness of these groups, with apes mounting a markedly stronger early transcriptional response to both viral and bacterial stimulation, altering the transcription of ∼40% more genes than AAMs. Additionally, we find that genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory and interferon responses show the most divergent early transcriptional responses across primates and that this divergence is attenuated over time. Finally, we find that relative to AAMs, apes engage a much less specific immune response to different classes of pathogens during the early hours of infection, up-regulating genes typical of anti-viral and anti-bacterial responses regardless of the nature of the stimulus. Overall, these findings suggest apes exhibit increased sensitivity to bacterial and viral immune stimulation, activating a broader array of defense molecules that may be beneficial for early pathogen killing at the potential cost of increased energy expenditure and tissue damage. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest. (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu