Ecosystem response persists after a prolonged marine heatwave.

Autor: Suryan RM; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK, USA. rob.suryan@noaa.gov., Arimitsu ML; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA., Coletti HA; National Park Service, Fairbanks, AK, USA., Hopcroft RR; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA., Lindeberg MR; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK, USA., Barbeaux SJ; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA., Batten SD; Marine Biological Association, Nanaimo, BC, Canada., Burt WJ; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA., Bishop MA; Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, AK, USA., Bodkin JL; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA., Brenner R; Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK, USA., Campbell RW; Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, AK, USA., Cushing DA; Pole Star Ecological Research LLC, Anchorage, AK, USA., Danielson SL; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA., Dorn MW; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA., Drummond B; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Homer, AK, USA., Esler D; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA., Gelatt T; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA., Hanselman DH; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK, USA., Hatch SA; Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation, Anchorage, AK, USA., Haught S; Department of Fish and Game, Cordova, AK, USA., Holderied K; National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Homer, AK, USA., Iken K; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA., Irons DB; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA., Kettle AB; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Homer, AK, USA., Kimmel DG; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA., Konar B; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA., Kuletz KJ; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA., Laurel BJ; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA., Maniscalco JM; Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK, USA., Matkin C; North Gulf Oceanic Society, Homer, AK, USA., McKinstry CAE; Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, AK, USA., Monson DH; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA., Moran JR; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK, USA., Olsen D; North Gulf Oceanic Society, Homer, AK, USA., Palsson WA; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA., Pegau WS; Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, AK, USA., Piatt JF; U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA., Rogers LA; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA., Rojek NA; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Homer, AK, USA., Schaefer A; Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, AK, USA., Spies IB; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA., Straley JM; University of Alaska Southeast, Sitka, AK, USA., Strom SL; Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, Anacortes, WA, USA., Sweeney KL; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA., Szymkowiak M; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK, USA., Weitzman BP; National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Homer, AK, USA., Yasumiishi EM; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK, USA., Zador SG; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2021 Mar 18; Vol. 11 (1), pp. 6235. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 18.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83818-5
Abstrakt: Some of the longest and most comprehensive marine ecosystem monitoring programs were established in the Gulf of Alaska following the environmental disaster of the Exxon Valdez oil spill over 30 years ago. These monitoring programs have been successful in assessing recovery from oil spill impacts, and their continuation decades later has now provided an unparalleled assessment of ecosystem responses to another newly emerging global threat, marine heatwaves. The 2014-2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave (PMH) in the Gulf of Alaska was the longest lasting heatwave globally over the past decade, with some cooling, but also continued warm conditions through 2019. Our analysis of 187 time series from primary production to commercial fisheries and nearshore intertidal to offshore oceanic domains demonstrate abrupt changes across trophic levels, with many responses persisting up to at least 5 years after the onset of the heatwave. Furthermore, our suite of metrics showed novel community-level groupings relative to at least a decade prior to the heatwave. Given anticipated increases in marine heatwaves under current climate projections, it remains uncertain when or if the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem will return to a pre-PMH state.
Databáze: MEDLINE