Calcium-Alkali Syndrome: Historical Review, Pathophysiology and Post-Modern Update.
| Autor: | Zayed RF; Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, USA., Millhouse PW; General Practice, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA., Kamyab F; Architecture, Arts and Humanities, Clemson University, Clemson, USA., Ortiz JF; Neurology, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, ECU.; Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA., Atoot A; Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, USA. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Cureus [Cureus] 2021 Feb 11; Vol. 13 (2), pp. e13291. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 11. |
| DOI: | 10.7759/cureus.13291 |
| Abstrakt: | Milk-alkali syndrome or calcium-alkali syndrome (CAS) is the triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal impairment. It is often related to ingestion of high amounts of calcium carbonate, which was used historically for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The incidence of the syndrome decreased dramatically after the introduction of newer peptic ulcer medications such as proton pump inhibitors and histamine blocking agents. However, a resurgence was seen in the late 1980s with the wide use of over-the-counter calcium supplements, mainly by females for osteoporosis prophylaxis. The modern version of the syndrome continues to evolve along with medical management. This review focuses on the historical context of CAS, pathogenesis, resurgence of the condition with variable presentations, and contemporary management. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2021, Zayed et al.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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