Toxicity of sodium nitrite-based vertebrate pesticides for European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).

Autor: Werner SJ; United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America., DeLiberto ST; United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America., McLean HE; United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America., Horak KE; United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America., VerCauteren KC; United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2021 Mar 05; Vol. 16 (3), pp. e0246277. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 05 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246277
Abstrakt: In the 21st century, invasive animals rank second only to habitat destruction as the greatest threat to global biodiversity. Socially-acceptable and cost-effective strategies are needed to reduce the negative economic and environmental impacts of invasive animals. We investigated the potential for sodium nitrite (SN; CAS 7632-00-0) to serve as an avian toxicant for European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.). We also assessed the non-target hazard of an experimental formulation of SN that is being developed as a toxicant for invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa L.). In gavage experiments with European starlings, we identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for mortality of 2.40% technical SN (w/v; 120 mg SN/kg body mass) and a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for mortality of 1.30% technical SN (65 mg/kg). The exposure of ten starlings to the experimental formulation of SN (10% SN pig toxicant) resulted in one starling mortality during four days of exposure to the toxic bait. Sodium nitrite toxicity presented a moderate hazard to European starlings; thus, the future development of SN as an avian toxicant is dependent upon its cost-effectiveness. We discuss the management of toxic effects and non-target hazards of SN for wild birds, including best practices for toxic baiting of vertebrate pests and management of invasive wild pigs.
Competing Interests: The authors have read the journal’s policy, and the authors of this study have the following competing interests to declare: Experiments 1–3 were supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between NWRC, and the Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre (Invasive Animals Limited, Australia; https://invasives.com.au) and Animal Control Technologies (Australia; https://animalcontrol.com.au/; the ACTA was a partner in the IACRC). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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