Characterization of Ebola Virus Risk to Bedside Providers in an Intensive Care Environment.

Autor:	Biondi MJ; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada., Garnett L; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada., Bello A; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Funk D; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.; Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z2, Canada., Poliquin PG; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Jones S; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Tierney K; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Tran K; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Kozak RA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada., Leung A; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Grolla A; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Nakamura C; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB M3E 3M4, Canada., Soule G; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Ranadheera C; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Hagan M; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Dhaliwal A; Medtronic Canada, Winnipeg, MB M3A 1R9, Canada., Kobasa D; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada., Falzarano D; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada., Bovendo HF; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada., Feldmann H; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA., Kesselman M; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Hansen G; Faculty of Critical Care, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada., Gren J; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Mortimer T; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Racine T; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada., Deschambault Y; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Edmonds J; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Aminian S; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Saurette R; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Allan M; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Rondeau L; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Huynh J; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Hadder S; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Press C; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., DeGraff C; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Kucas S; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Kubay J; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Azanarsky K; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Cook BWM; Cytophage Technologies, Inc., Winnipeg, MB R3Y 1G4, Canada., Hancock BJ; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Kumar A; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Soni R; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Schantz D; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., McKitrick J; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada., Warner B; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Griffin BD; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Qiu X; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Kobinger GP; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada., Safronetz D; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada., Wood H; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., R Stein D; Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB R3E 37J, Canada., Cutts T; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Pickering B; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB M3E 3M4, Canada., Kenny J; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada., Theriault S; Cytophage Technologies, Inc., Winnipeg, MB R3Y 1G4, Canada., Menec L; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Vendramelli R; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Higgins S; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Banadyga L; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Liu G; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Rahim MN; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada., Kasloff S; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Sloan A; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., He S; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Tailor N; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Albietz A; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Wong G; Departement of Microbiology-Infectiology and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada., Gray M; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada., Feldmann F; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA., Marzi A; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA., Risi G; Infectious Disease Specialist, P.C., Missoula, MT 59802, USA., Strong JE; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Microorganisms [Microorganisms] 2021 Feb 26; Vol. 9 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 26.
DOI:	10.3390/microorganisms9030498
Abstrakt:	Background: The 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa recapitulated that nosocomial spread of Ebola virus could occur and that health care workers were at particular risk including notable cases in Europe and North America. These instances highlighted the need for centers to better prepare for potential Ebola virus cases; including understanding how the virus spreads and which interventions pose the greatest risk. Methods: We created a fully equipped intensive care unit (ICU), within a Biosafety Level 4 (BSL4) laboratory, and infected multiple sedated non-human primates (NHPs) with Ebola virus. While providing bedside care, we sampled blood, urine, and gastric residuals; as well as buccal, ocular, nasal, rectal, and skin swabs, to assess the risks associated with routine care. We also assessed the physical environment at end-point. Results: Although viral RNA was detectable in blood as early as three days post-infection, it was not detectable in the urine, gastric fluid, or swabs until late-stage disease. While droplet spread and fomite contamination were present on a few of the surfaces that were routinely touched while providing care in the ICU for the infected animal, these may have been abrogated through good routine hygiene practices. Conclusions: Overall this study has helped further our understanding of which procedures may pose the highest risk to healthcare providers and provides temporal evidence of this over the clinical course of disease. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to James E. Strong (jim.strong@canada.ca).
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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