Reviewing the oral pigmented lesions of human immunodeficiency virus with emphasis on the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Autor: Varadarajan S; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India., Balaji TM; Department of Dentistry, Bharathirajaa Hospital, and Research Institute, Chennai, India., Kumar S N; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India., Indu Bharkavi SK; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India., Thangavel G; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India., Raj AT; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India., Patil S; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: dr.ravipatil@gmail.com., Al-Iryani GM; Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen. Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia., Ali FM; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia., Awan KH; College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States. Electronic address: kamranhabibawan@gmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Disease-a-month : DM [Dis Mon] 2021 Sep; Vol. 67 (9), pp. 101167. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 24.
DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101167
Abstrakt: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a disease with high mortality rates is caused by the well-known human immunodeficiency virus. The disease is characterized by several opportunistic infections owing to the decreased CD4 lymphocyte counts. Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus are vital as they are one of the early manifestations of the disease. Also, they serve as prognostic markers as they correlate with the CD4 lymphocyte counts of the affected individuals. Human immunodeficiency virus is not only common in the adult population but also can affect pediatric patients through vertical transmission. The initial therapeutic strategy for the management of the virus was only the prevention of opportunistic infections. Later in the mid-1990s, antiretroviral therapy was introduced but there was no significant improvement in prognosis. After the advent of combination therapy or the use of three antiretroviral drugs also known as highly active antiretroviral therapy, there has been a marked reduction in human immunodeficiency virus-associated mortality rates. The highly active antiretroviral therapy has several effects on the oral manifestations of the human immunodeficiency virus. The present paper aims to review the oral pigmented lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus with an emphasis on the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest
(Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: