Million-year-old DNA sheds light on the genomic history of mammoths.

Autor: van der Valk T; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden. tom.vandervalk@scilifelab.se.; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. tom.vandervalk@scilifelab.se.; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. tom.vandervalk@scilifelab.se., Pečnerová P; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.; Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Díez-Del-Molino D; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden., Bergström A; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK., Oppenheimer J; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Hartmann S; Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany., Xenikoudakis G; Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany., Thomas JA; Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany., Dehasque M; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden., Sağlıcan E; Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey., Fidan FR; Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey., Barnes I; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK., Liu S; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China., Somel M; Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey., Heintzman PD; The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway., Nikolskiy P; Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia., Shapiro B; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Skoglund P; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK., Hofreiter M; Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany., Lister AM; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK., Götherström A; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden., Dalén L; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden. love.dalen@nrm.se.; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. love.dalen@nrm.se.; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. love.dalen@nrm.se.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2021 Mar; Vol. 591 (7849), pp. 265-269. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 17.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03224-9
Abstrakt: Temporal genomic data hold great potential for studying evolutionary processes such as speciation. However, sampling across speciation events would, in many cases, require genomic time series that stretch well back into the Early Pleistocene subepoch. Although theoretical models suggest that DNA should survive on this timescale 1 , the oldest genomic data recovered so far are from a horse specimen dated to 780-560 thousand years ago 2 . Here we report the recovery of genome-wide data from three mammoth specimens dating to the Early and Middle Pleistocene subepochs, two of which are more than one million years old. We find that two distinct mammoth lineages were present in eastern Siberia during the Early Pleistocene. One of these lineages gave rise to the woolly mammoth and the other represents a previously unrecognized lineage that was ancestral to the first mammoths to colonize North America. Our analyses reveal that the Columbian mammoth of North America traces its ancestry to a Middle Pleistocene hybridization between these two lineages, with roughly equal admixture proportions. Finally, we show that the majority of protein-coding changes associated with cold adaptation in woolly mammoths were already present one million years ago. These findings highlight the potential of deep-time palaeogenomics to expand our understanding of speciation and long-term adaptive evolution.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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