Predator- and competitor-induced responses in amphibian populations that evolved different levels of pesticide tolerance.

Autor: Jones DK; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA.; Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180, USA., Hua J; Biological Sciences Department, State University of New York Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902, USA., Mattes BM; Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180, USA., Cothran RD; Department of Biological Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, Oklahoma, 73096, USA., Hoverman JT; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA., Relyea RA; Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America [Ecol Appl] 2021 Jun; Vol. 31 (4), pp. e02305. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 28.
DOI: 10.1002/eap.2305
Abstrakt: Exposure to agrochemicals can drive rapid phenotypic and genetic changes in exposed populations. For instance, amphibian populations living far from agriculture (a proxy for agrochemical exposure) exhibit low pesticide tolerance, but they can be induced to possess high tolerance following a sublethal pesticide exposure. In contrast, amphibian populations close to agriculture exhibit high, constitutive tolerance to pesticides. A recent study has demonstrated that induced pesticide tolerance appears to have arisen from plastic responses to predator cues. As a result, we might expect that selection for constitutive pesticide tolerance in populations near agriculture (i.e., genetic assimilation) will lead to the evolution of constitutive responses to natural stressors. Using 15 wood frog (Rana sylvatica) populations from across an agricultural gradient, we conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment to examine morphological (mass, body length, and tail depth) and behavioral responses (number of tadpoles observed and overall activity) of tadpoles exposed to three stressor environments (no-stressor, competitors, or predator cues). We discovered widespread differences in tadpole traits among populations and stressor environments, but no population-by-environment interaction. Subsequent linear models revealed that population distance to agriculture (DTA) was occasionally correlated with tadpole traits in a given environment and with magnitudes of plasticity, but none of the correlations were significant after Bonferroni adjustment. The magnitudes of predator and competitor plasticity were never correlated with the magnitude of pesticide-induced plasticity that we documented in a companion study. These results suggest that while predator-induced plasticity appears to have laid the foundation for the evolution of pesticide-induced plasticity and its subsequent genetic assimilation, inspection of population-level differences in plastic responses show that the evolution of pesticide-induced plasticity has not had a reciprocal effect on the evolved plastic responses to natural stressors.
(© 2021 by the Ecological Society of America.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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