Patterns and processes of pathogen exposure in gray wolves across North America.

Autor: Brandell EE; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. ebrandell08@gmail.com., Cross PC; U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA., Craft ME; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA., Smith DW; Yellowstone Center for Resources, Wolf Project, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY, 82190, USA., Dubovi EJ; Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA., Gilbertson MLJ; Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA., Wheeldon T; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 1Z8, Canada., Stephenson JA; Grand Teton National Park, P.O. Drawer 170, Moose, WY, 83012, USA., Barber-Meyer S; U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St. SE, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA., Borg BL; Denali National Park and Preserve, Central Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Network, P.O. Box 9, Denali Park, AK, 99755, USA., Sorum M; Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Central Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Network, 4175 Geist Road, Fairbanks, AK, 99709, USA., Stahler DR; Yellowstone Center for Resources, Wolf Project, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY, 82190, USA., Kelly A; Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, P.O. Box 900, Fort Smith, NT, X0E 0P0, Canada., Anderson M; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, 2000 South Ospika Blvd., Prince George, BC, V2N 4W5, Canada., Cluff HD; Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, North Slave Region, NT, X1A 2P9, Canada., MacNulty DR; Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA., Watts DE; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, P.O. 2139, Soldotna, AK, 99669, USA., Roffler GH; Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 802 3rd Street, Douglas, AK, 99824, USA., Schwantje H; Wildlife and Habitat Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, 2080 Labieux Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6J9, Canada., Hebblewhite M; Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA., Beckmen K; Division of Wildlife Conservation, Dept of Fish and Game, 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA., Fenton H; Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, North Slave Region, NT, X1A 2P9, Canada.; Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies, KN-03, St. Kitts and Nevis., Hudson PJ; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2021 Feb 12; Vol. 11 (1), pp. 3722. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 12.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81192-w
Abstrakt: The presence of many pathogens varies in a predictable manner with latitude, with infections decreasing from the equator towards the poles. We investigated the geographic trends of pathogens infecting a widely distributed carnivore: the gray wolf (Canis lupus). Specifically, we investigated which variables best explain and predict geographic trends in seroprevalence across North American wolf populations and the implications of the underlying mechanisms. We compiled a large serological dataset of nearly 2000 wolves from 17 study areas, spanning 80° longitude and 50° latitude. Generalized linear mixed models were constructed to predict the probability of seropositivity of four important pathogens: canine adenovirus, herpesvirus, parvovirus, and distemper virus-and two parasites: Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Canine adenovirus and herpesvirus were the most widely distributed pathogens, whereas N. caninum was relatively uncommon. Canine parvovirus and distemper had high annual variation, with western populations experiencing more frequent outbreaks than eastern populations. Seroprevalence of all infections increased as wolves aged, and denser wolf populations had a greater risk of exposure. Probability of exposure was positively correlated with human density, suggesting that dogs and synanthropic animals may be important pathogen reservoirs. Pathogen exposure did not appear to follow a latitudinal gradient, with the exception of N. caninum. Instead, clustered study areas were more similar: wolves from the Great Lakes region had lower odds of exposure to the viruses, but higher odds of exposure to N. caninum and T. gondii; the opposite was true for wolves from the central Rocky Mountains. Overall, mechanistic predictors were more informative of seroprevalence trends than latitude and longitude. Individual host characteristics as well as inherent features of ecosystems determined pathogen exposure risk on a large scale. This work emphasizes the importance of biogeographic wildlife surveillance, and we expound upon avenues of future research of cross-species transmission, spillover, and spatial variation in pathogen infection.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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