T cell phenotypes in COVID-19 - a living review.

Autor:	Hanna SJ; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Codd AS; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Gea-Mallorqui E; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK., Scourfield DO; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Richter FC; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, OX3 FTY, UK., Ladell K; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Borsa M; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, OX3 FTY, UK., Compeer EB; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, OX3 FTY, UK., Moon OR; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Galloway SAE; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Dimonte S; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Capitani L; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Shepherd FR; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Wilson JD; Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU., Uhl LFK; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, OX3 FTY, UK., Gallimore AM; Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK., Milicic A; Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Oxford open immunology [Oxf Open Immunol] 2020 Dec 29; Vol. 2 (1), pp. iqaa007. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 29 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1093/oxfimm/iqaa007
Abstrakt:	COVID-19 is characterized by profound lymphopenia in the peripheral blood, and the remaining T cells display altered phenotypes, characterized by a spectrum of activation and exhaustion. However, antigen-specific T cell responses are emerging as a crucial mechanism for both clearance of the virus and as the most likely route to long-lasting immune memory that would protect against re-infection. Therefore, T cell responses are also of considerable interest in vaccine development. Furthermore, persistent alterations in T cell subset composition and function post-infection have important implications for patients' long-term immune function. In this review, we examine T cell phenotypes, including those of innate T cells, in both peripheral blood and lungs, and consider how key markers of activation and exhaustion correlate with, and may be able to predict, disease severity. We focus on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells to elucidate markers that may indicate formation of antigen-specific T cell memory. We also examine peripheral T cell phenotypes in recovery and the likelihood of long-lasting immune disruption. Finally, we discuss T cell phenotypes in the lung as important drivers of both virus clearance and tissue damage. As our knowledge of the adaptive immune response to COVID-19 rapidly evolves, it has become clear that while some areas of the T cell response have been investigated in some detail, others, such as the T cell response in children remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this review will also highlight areas where T cell phenotypes require urgent characterisation. (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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