Multiseriate cortical sclerenchyma enhance root penetration in compacted soils.

Autor:	Schneider HM; Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802., Strock CF; Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802., Hanlon MT; Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802., Vanhees DJ; Division of Agricultural and Environment Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.; The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, United Kingdom., Perkins AC; Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802., Ajmera IB; Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802., Sidhu JS; Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802., Mooney SJ; Division of Agricultural and Environment Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.; Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom., Brown KM; Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802., Lynch JP; Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; jpl4@psu.edu.; Division of Agricultural and Environment Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.; Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2021 Feb 09; Vol. 118 (6).
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2012087118
Abstrakt:	Mechanical impedance limits soil exploration and resource capture by plant roots. We examine the role of root anatomy in regulating plant adaptation to mechanical impedance and identify a root anatomical phene in maize ( Zea mays ) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) associated with penetration of hard soil: Multiseriate cortical sclerenchyma (MCS). We characterize this trait and evaluate the utility of MCS for root penetration in compacted soils. Roots with MCS had a greater cell wall-to-lumen ratio and a distinct UV emission spectrum in outer cortical cells. Genome-wide association mapping revealed that MCS is heritable and genetically controlled. We identified a candidate gene associated with MCS. Across all root classes and nodal positions, maize genotypes with MCS had 13% greater root lignin concentration compared to genotypes without MCS. Genotypes without MCS formed MCS upon exogenous ethylene exposure. Genotypes with MCS had greater lignin concentration and bending strength at the root tip. In controlled environments, MCS in maize and wheat was associated improved root tensile strength and increased penetration ability in compacted soils. Maize genotypes with MCS had root systems with 22% greater depth and 49% greater shoot biomass in compacted soils in the field compared to lines without MCS. Of the lines we assessed, MCS was present in 30 to 50% of modern maize, wheat, and barley cultivars but was absent in teosinte and wild and landrace accessions of wheat and barley. MCS merits investigation as a trait for improving plant performance in maize, wheat, and other grasses under edaphic stress. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest. (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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