Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes.

Autor: Barbieri DM; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway., Lou B; School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China., Passavanti M; Italian Society of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-Italy), Firenze, Toscana, Italy., Hui C; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa.; Biodiversity Informatics Unit, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa., Hoff I; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway., Lessa DA; Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Sikka G; Department of Geography, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India., Chang K; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America., Gupta A; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering Group, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India., Fang K; Department of Geography, Environment, and Planning, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, United States of America., Banerjee A; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India., Maharaj B; Department of Geography, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu, South Africa., Lam L; School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia., Ghasemi N; Department of Civil Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy., Naik B; Department of Civil Engineering/Russ College of Engineering & Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America., Wang F; State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China., Foroutan Mirhosseini A; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway., Naseri S; School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Kerman, Iran., Liu Z; School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China., Qiao Y; School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu, China., Tucker A; Connecticut Transportation Safety Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America., Wijayaratna K; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia., Peprah P; Department of Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Adomako S; Department of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Agder, Norway., Yu L; School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China., Goswami S; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Chen H; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway., Shu B; Foshan Transportation Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, China., Hessami A; Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, United States of America., Abbas M; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America., Agarwal N; Department of Civil & Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America., Rashidi TH; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2021 Feb 01; Vol. 16 (2), pp. e0245886. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 01 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245886
Abstrakt: The restrictive measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered sudden massive changes to travel behaviors of people all around the world. This study examines the individual mobility patterns for all transport modes (walk, bicycle, motorcycle, car driven alone, car driven in company, bus, subway, tram, train, airplane) before and during the restrictions adopted in ten countries on six continents: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. This cross-country study also aims at understanding the predictors of protective behaviors related to the transport sector and COVID-19. Findings hinge upon an online survey conducted in May 2020 (N = 9,394). The empirical results quantify tremendous disruptions for both commuting and non-commuting travels, highlighting substantial reductions in the frequency of all types of trips and use of all modes. In terms of potential virus spread, airplanes and buses are perceived to be the riskiest transport modes, while avoidance of public transport is consistently found across the countries. According to the Protection Motivation Theory, the study sheds new light on the fact that two indicators, namely income inequality, expressed as Gini index, and the reported number of deaths due to COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants, aggravate respondents' perceptions. This research indicates that socio-economic inequality and morbidity are not only related to actual health risks, as well documented in the relevant literature, but also to the perceived risks. These findings document the global impact of the COVID-19 crisis as well as provide guidance for transportation practitioners in developing future strategies.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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