Insulin actions on hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones.

Autor: Garcia SM; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA., Hirschberg PR; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA., Sarkar P; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA., Siegel DM; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA., Teegala SB; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA., Vail GM; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA., Routh VH; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of neuroendocrinology [J Neuroendocrinol] 2021 Apr; Vol. 33 (4), pp. e12937. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 28.
DOI: 10.1111/jne.12937
Abstrakt: Subsequent to the discovery of insulin 100 years ago, great strides have been made in understanding its function, especially in the brain. It is now clear that insulin is a critical regulator of the neuronal circuitry controlling energy balance and glucose homeostasis. This review focuses on the effects of insulin and diabetes on the activity and glucose sensitivity of hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones. We highlight the role of electrophysiological data in understanding how insulin regulates glucose-sensing neurones. A brief introduction describing the benefits and limitations of the major electrophysiological techniques used to investigate glucose-sensing neurones is provided. The mechanisms by which hypothalamic neurones sense glucose are discussed with an emphasis on those glucose-sensing neurones already shown to be modulated by insulin. Next, the literature pertaining to how insulin alters the activity and glucose sensitivity of these hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones is described. In addition, the effects of impaired insulin signalling during diabetes and the ramifications of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones are covered. To the extent that it is known, we present hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying the effects of these insulin-related pathologies. To conclude, electrophysiological data from the hippocampus are evaluated aiming to provide clues regarding how insulin might influence neuronal plasticity in glucose-sensing neurones. Although much has been accomplished subsequent to the discovery of insulin, the work described in our review suggests that the regulation of central glucose sensing by this hormone is both important and understudied.
(© 2021 British Society for Neuroendocrinology.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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