Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays.

Autor: Pacoureau N; Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. n.pacoureau@gmail.com., Rigby CL; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia., Kyne PM; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia., Sherley RB; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK. r.sherley@exeter.ac.uk., Winker H; Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Ispra, Italy.; Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa., Carlson JK; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City Laboratory, Panama City, FL, USA., Fordham SV; Shark Advocates International, The Ocean Foundation, Washington, DC, USA., Barreto R; Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Sudeste e Sul do Brasil (CEPSUL), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Itajaí, Brazil., Fernando D; Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka., Francis MP; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand., Jabado RW; Elasmo Project, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Herman KB; Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA, USA., Liu KM; Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, George Chen Shark Research Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan., Marshall AD; Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA., Pollom RA; Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada., Romanov EV; CAP RUN - CITEB, Le Port, Île de la Réunion, France., Simpfendorfer CA; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia., Yin JS; Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA., Kindsvater HK; Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA., Dulvy NK; Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2021 Jan; Vol. 589 (7843), pp. 567-571. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 27.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03173-9
Abstrakt: Overfishing is the primary cause of marine defaunation, yet declines in and increasing extinction risks of individual species are difficult to measure, particularly for the largest predators found in the high seas 1-3 . Here we calculate two well-established indicators to track progress towards Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Sustainable Development Goals 4,5 : the Living Planet Index (a measure of changes in abundance aggregated from 57 abundance time-series datasets for 18 oceanic shark and ray species) and the Red List Index (a measure of change in extinction risk calculated for all 31 oceanic species of sharks and rays). We find that, since 1970, the global abundance of oceanic sharks and rays has declined by 71% owing to an 18-fold increase in relative fishing pressure. This depletion has increased the global extinction risk to the point at which three-quarters of the species comprising this functionally important assemblage are threatened with extinction. Strict prohibitions and precautionary science-based catch limits are urgently needed to avert population collapse 6,7 , avoid the disruption of ecological functions and promote species recovery 8,9 .
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: