Zamzam water is pathogen-free, uricosuric, hypolipidemic and exerts tissue-protective effects: relieving BBC concerns.

Autor:	Mahmoud HS; Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.; Center of Scientific Foundation for Experimental Studies and Research Ismailia, Egypt., Eltahlawi RA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Zagazig, Egypt.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University Saudi Arabia., Jan AA; Laboratory and Blood Bank General Director, King Fahad Hospital Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia., Alhadramy O; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia., Soliman TM; Department of Clinical Pathology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt., El Sayed SM; Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University Saudi Arabia.; Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine-Ain Shams University Egypt., Abdallah HI; Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University Saudi Arabia.; Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine-Ain Shams University Egypt., El-Shazley M; Department of Medicine, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Occupational Diseases and Toxigenomics, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt., Shafik NM; Department of Biochemistry, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Egypt., Mariah RA; Department of Biochemistry, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Egypt., El-Dabie N; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt., Abdel-Haleem M; Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, College of Medicine, Taibah University Saudi Arabia., Hassan SMA; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Egypt., Nabo MMH; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital Hail, Saudi Arabia., El-Alaf H; Department of Medical Physiology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt., Baghdadi H; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia., Yousef RS; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt., Mahmoud AA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt., El Sayed SM; Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt., Amer SM; Family and Community Medicine Department, Taibah University Al-Medinah, Saudi Arabia.; Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University New Damietta, Egypt.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	American journal of blood research [Am J Blood Res] 2020 Dec 15; Vol. 10 (6), pp. 386-396. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 15 (Print Publication: 2020).
Abstrakt:	Zamzam water is the most frequently used drinking water by millions of people in Saudi Arabia. It is carried all the time by millions of pilgrims to their home countries as gifts to close and near relatives and friends. Safety of constituents of Zamzam water is a vital health topic. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) raised many health concerns regarding the high serum arsenic and nitrate contents in Zamzam water that may cause cancer. It is role of scientific research to present scientific facts to relieve such concerns. Arsenic is a carcinogen while nitrate causes methemogloinemia that affect oxygen carriage by haemoglobin. An ethical committee approval was obtained. Eighteen white albino mice (40-45 g) were used in this study. Three experimental groups were allocated (six mice per group): tap water group, distilled water group and Zamzam water group. Our data revealed that Zamzam water exerts tissue-protective effects that contradict malignancy. Our data proved that Zamzam water is pathogen-free causing no bacterial growth on CLED agar colonies. Zamzam water consumption for three consecutive months in mice was quite safe for the general health and significantly decreased serum uric acid ( p < 0.05) (possibly due to Zamzam-induced urine alkalinisation facilitating uric acid excretion). Regular Zamzam water consumption significantly decreased serum cholesterol ( p < 0.05) and serum triglycerides ( p < 0.05). Hypolipidemic effects of Zamzam water may be due to its high mineral content facilitating increased lipids metabolism. Our data confirmed safety of prolonged use of Zamzam water comparable to other drinking water types regarding the metabolic and synthetic functions of the liver. Nitrates in Zamzam water are thought to be an original constituent that may be useful (exerting vasodilation, antithrombotic, and immunoregulatory effects) and not harmless. This may occur due to high Zamzam content of calcium, magnesium and selenium. Histologically, our data confirmed that Zamzam water was quite safe to renal parenchyma and comparable to other types of drinking water. In conclusion, health concerns raised by BBC regarding Zamzam water safety were a good chance for fruitful scientific research investigations that confirmed safety and beneficial effects of Zamzam water for human health. Competing Interests: None. (AJBR Copyright © 2020.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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