Role of silicon in the development of complex crystal shapes in coccolithophores.

Autor: Langer G; Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK., Taylor AR; Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403-591, USA., Walker CE; Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK., Meyer EM; Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403-591, USA., Ben Joseph O; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel., Gal A; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel., Harper GM; Plymouth Electron Microscopy Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK., Probert I; FR2424 Sorbonne University / CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, 29680, France., Brownlee C; Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.; School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK., Wheeler GL; Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The New phytologist [New Phytol] 2021 Sep; Vol. 231 (5), pp. 1845-1857. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 09.
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17230
Abstrakt: The development of calcification by the coccolithophores had a profound impact on ocean carbon cycling, but the evolutionary steps leading to the formation of these complex biomineralized structures are not clear. Heterococcoliths consisting of intricately shaped calcite crystals are formed intracellularly by the diploid life cycle phase. Holococcoliths consisting of simple rhombic crystals can be produced by the haploid life cycle stage but are thought to be formed extracellularly, representing an independent evolutionary origin of calcification. We use advanced microscopy techniques to determine the nature of coccolith formation and complex crystal formation in coccolithophore life cycle stages. We find that holococcoliths are formed in intracellular compartments in a similar manner to heterococcoliths. However, we show that silicon is not required for holococcolith formation and that the requirement for silicon in certain coccolithophore species relates specifically to the process of crystal morphogenesis in heterococcoliths. We therefore propose an evolutionary scheme in which the lower complexity holococcoliths represent an ancestral form of calcification in coccolithophores. The subsequent recruitment of a silicon-dependent mechanism for crystal morphogenesis in the diploid life cycle stage led to the emergence of the intricately shaped heterococcoliths, enabling the formation of the elaborate coccospheres that underpin the ecological success of coccolithophores.
(© 2021 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2021 New Phytologist Foundation.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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