Pyrenoids: CO 2 -fixing phase separated liquid organelles.

Autor: Barrett J; Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK., Girr P; Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK., Mackinder LCM; Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. Electronic address: luke.mackinder@york.ac.uk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research [Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res] 2021 Apr; Vol. 1868 (5), pp. 118949. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 07.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118949
Abstrakt: Pyrenoids are non-membrane bound organelles found in chloroplasts of algae and hornwort plants that can be seen by light-microscopy. Pyrenoids are formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of Rubisco, the primary CO 2 fixing enzyme, with an intrinsically disordered multivalent Rubisco-binding protein. Pyrenoids are the heart of algal and hornwort biophysical CO 2 concentrating mechanisms, which accelerate photosynthesis and mediate about 30% of global carbon fixation. Even though LLPS may underlie the apparent convergent evolution of pyrenoids, our current molecular understanding of pyrenoid formation comes from a single example, the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this review, we summarise current knowledge about pyrenoid assembly, regulation and structural organization in Chlamydomonas and highlight evidence that LLPS is the general principle underlying pyrenoid formation across algal lineages and hornworts. Detailed understanding of the principles behind pyrenoid assembly, regulation and structural organization within diverse lineages will provide a fundamental understanding of this biogeochemically important organelle and help guide ongoing efforts to engineer pyrenoids into crops to increase photosynthetic performance and yields. 2 .
(Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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