Evaluation of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in Diagnostic and Environmental Surveillance of Legionella Species: A Comparison With Culture and Mip -Gene Sequencing Technique.

Autor:	Pascale MR; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Mazzotta M; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Salaris S; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Girolamini L; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Grottola A; Regional Reference Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis of Legionellosis, Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy., Simone ML; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy., Cordovana M; Microbiology Unit-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy., Bisognin F; Microbiology Unit-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy., Dal Monte P; Microbiology Unit-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy., Bucci Sabattini MA; Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy., Viggiani M; Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy., Cristino S; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in microbiology [Front Microbiol] 2020 Dec 15; Vol. 11, pp. 589369. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 15 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2020.589369
Abstrakt:	Legionella spp. are widespread bacteria in aquatic environments with a growing impact on human health. Between the 61 species, Legionella pneumophila is the most prevalent in human diseases; on the contrary, Legionella non- pneumophila species are less detected in clinical diagnosis or during environmental surveillance due to their slow growth in culture and the absence of specific and rapid diagnostic/analytical tools. Reliable and rapid isolate identification is essential to estimate the source of infection, to undertake containment measures, and to determine clinical treatment. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), since its introduction into the routine diagnostics of laboratories, represents a widely accepted method for the identification of different bacteria species, described in a few studies on the Legionella clinical and environmental surveillance. The focus of this study was the improvement of MALDI-TOF MS on Legionella non- pneumophila species collected during Legionella nosocomial and community surveillance. Comparative analysis with cultural and mip -gene sequencing results was performed. Moreover, a phylogenetic analysis was carried out to estimate the correlations amongst isolates. MALDI-TOF MS achieved correct species-level identification for 45.0% of the isolates belonging to the Legionella anisa , Legionella rubrilucens , Legionella feeleii , and Legionella jordanis species, displaying a high concordance with the mip- gene sequencing results. In contrast, less reliable identification was found for the remaining 55.0% of the isolates, corresponding to the samples belonging to species not yet included in the database. The phylogenetic analysis showed relevant differences inside the species, regruped in three main clades; among the Legionella anisa clade, a subclade with a divergence of 3.3% from the main clade was observed. Moreover, one isolate, identified as Legionella quinlivanii , displayed a divergence of 3.8% from the corresponding reference strain. However, these findings require supplementary investigation. The results encourage the implementation of MALDI-TOF MS in routine diagnostics and environmental Legionella surveillance, as it displays a reliable and faster identification at the species level, as well as the potential to identify species that are not yet included in the database. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis is a relevant approach to correlate the isolates and to track their spread, especially in unconventional reservoirs, where Legionella prevention is still underestimated. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2020 Pascale, Mazzotta, Salaris, Girolamini, Grottola, Simone, Cordovana, Bisognin, Dal Monte, Bucci Sabattini, Viggiani and Cristino.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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