Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: An international study.

Autor: Gloster AT; Division of Clinical Psychology & Intervention Science, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Lamnisos D; Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus., Lubenko J; Psychological Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia., Presti G; Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy., Squatrito V; Kore University Behavioral Lab (KUBeLab), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy., Constantinou M; Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus., Nicolaou C; Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus., Papacostas S; Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus., Aydın G; Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey., Chong YY; The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong., Chien WT; The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong., Cheng HY; The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong., Ruiz FJ; Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotà, Columbia., Garcia-Martin MB; Faculty of Psychology, University of La Sabana, Chía, Columbia., Obando-Posada DP; Faculty of Psychology, University of La Sabana, Chía, Columbia., Segura-Vargas MA; Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotà, Columbia., Vasiliou VS; School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland., McHugh L; School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Höfer S; Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Baban A; Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB), Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Dias Neto D; Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Instituto Universitário; APPsyCI-Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, Lisboa, Portugal., Nunes da Silva A; Faculdade de Psicologia, Alameda da Universidade, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal., Monestès JL; LIP/PC2S, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France., Alvarez-Galvez J; Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain., Paez-Blarrina M; Instituto ACT, Madrid, Spain., Montesinos F; Department of Psychology, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain., Valdivia-Salas S; Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain., Ori D; Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary., Kleszcz B; Private Pratice, Poland., Lappalainen R; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland., Ivanović I; Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro., Gosar D; Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovania., Dionne F; Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada., Merwin RM; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America., Kassianos AP; Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus., Karekla M; Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2020 Dec 31; Vol. 15 (12), pp. e0244809. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 31 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244809
Abstrakt: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered vast governmental lockdowns. The impact of these lockdowns on mental health is inadequately understood. On the one hand such drastic changes in daily routines could be detrimental to mental health. On the other hand, it might not be experienced negatively, especially because the entire population was affected.
Methods: The aim of this study was to determine mental health outcomes during pandemic induced lockdowns and to examine known predictors of mental health outcomes. We therefore surveyed n = 9,565 people from 78 countries and 18 languages. Outcomes assessed were stress, depression, affect, and wellbeing. Predictors included country, sociodemographic factors, lockdown characteristics, social factors, and psychological factors.
Results: Results indicated that on average about 10% of the sample was languishing from low levels of mental health and about 50% had only moderate mental health. Importantly, three consistent predictors of mental health emerged: social support, education level, and psychologically flexible (vs. rigid) responding. Poorer outcomes were most strongly predicted by a worsening of finances and not having access to basic supplies.
Conclusions: These results suggest that on whole, respondents were moderately mentally healthy at the time of a population-wide lockdown. The highest level of mental health difficulties were found in approximately 10% of the population. Findings suggest that public health initiatives should target people without social support and those whose finances worsen as a result of the lockdown. Interventions that promote psychological flexibility may mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
Competing Interests: One of the authors is employed by a commercial affiliation: Private Pratice, Poland. This affiliation provided support in the form of salaries for author BK, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. No other authors have competing interests to declare.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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