Reaction Wood Anatomical Traits and Hormonal Profiles in Poplar Bent Stem and Root.

Autor:	De Zio E; Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy., Montagnoli A; Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy., Karady M; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia., Terzaghi M; Department of Chemistry and Biology 'A. Zambelli', University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy., Sferra G; Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy., Antoniadi I; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden., Scippa GS; Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy., Ljung K; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden., Chiatante D; Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy., Trupiano D; Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in plant science [Front Plant Sci] 2020 Dec 07; Vol. 11, pp. 590985. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 07 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.3389/fpls.2020.590985
Abstrakt:	Reaction wood (RW) formation is an innate physiological response of woody plants to counteract mechanical constraints in nature, reinforce structure and redirect growth toward the vertical direction. Differences and/or similarities between stem and root response to mechanical constraints remain almost unknown especially in relation to phytohormones distribution and RW characteristics. Thus, Populus nigra stem and root subjected to static non-destructive mid-term bending treatment were analyzed. The distribution of tension and compression forces was firstly modeled along the main bent stem and root axis; then, anatomical features, chemical composition, and a complete auxin and cytokinin metabolite profiles of the stretched convex and compressed concave side of three different bent stem and root sectors were analyzed. The results showed that in bent stems RW was produced on the upper stretched convex side whereas in bent roots it was produced on the lower compressed concave side. Anatomical features and chemical analysis showed that bent stem RW was characterized by a low number of vessel, poor lignification, and high carbohydrate, and thus gelatinous layer in fiber cell wall. Conversely, in bent root, RW was characterized by high vessel number and area, without any significant variation in carbohydrate and lignin content. An antagonistic interaction of auxins and different cytokinin forms/conjugates seems to regulate critical aspects of RW formation/development in stem and root to facilitate upward/downward organ bending. The observed differences between the response stem and root to bending highlight how hormonal signaling is highly organ-dependent. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2020 De Zio, Montagnoli, Karady, Terzaghi, Sferra, Antoniadi, Scippa, Ljung, Chiatante and Trupiano.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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