A Neolithic mega-tsunami event in the eastern Mediterranean: Prehistoric settlement vulnerability along the Carmel coast, Israel.

Autor: Shtienberg G; Department of Anthropology, Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America., Yasur-Landau A; Department of Maritime Civilizations, L.H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.; The Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies (RIMS), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel., Norris RD; Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America., Lazar M; Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, L.H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel., Rittenour TM; Department of Geosciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America., Tamberino A; Levant and Cyber-Archaeology Laboratory, Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America., Gadol O; The Hatter department of Marine Technologies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel., Cantu K; Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America., Arkin-Shalev E; Department of Maritime Civilizations, L.H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.; The Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies (RIMS), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel., Ward SN; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America., Levy TE; Department of Anthropology, Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America.; Levant and Cyber-Archaeology Laboratory, Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2020 Dec 23; Vol. 15 (12), pp. e0243619. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 23 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243619
Abstrakt: Tsunami events in antiquity had a profound influence on coastal societies. Six thousand years of historical records and geological data show that tsunamis are a common phenomenon affecting the eastern Mediterranean coastline. However, the possible impact of older tsunamis on prehistoric societies has not been investigated. Here we report, based on optically stimulated luminescence chronology, the earliest documented Holocene tsunami event, between 9.91 to 9.29 ka (kilo-annum), from the eastern Mediterranean at Dor, Israel. Tsunami debris from the early Neolithic is composed of marine sand embedded within fresh-brackish wetland deposits. Global and local sea-level curves for the period, 9.91-9.29 ka, as well as surface elevation reconstructions, show that the tsunami had a run-up of at least ~16 m and traveled between 3.5 to 1.5 km inland from the palaeo-coastline. Submerged slump scars on the continental slope, 16 km west of Dor, point to the nearby "Dor-complex" as a likely cause. The near absence of Pre-Pottery Neolithic A-B archaeological sites (11.70-9.80 cal. ka) suggest these sites were removed by the tsunami, whereas younger, late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B-C (9.25-8.35 cal. ka) and later Pottery-Neolithic sites (8.25-7.80 cal. ka) indicate resettlement following the event. The large run-up of this event highlights the disruptive impact of tsunamis on past societies along the Levantine coast.
Competing Interests: We declare that we the authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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