Computational fluid dynamics modeling of Bacillus anthracis spore deposition in rabbit and human respiratory airways.

Autor: Kabilan S; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States., Suffield SR; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States., Recknagle KP; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States., Jacob RE; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States., Einstein DR; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States., Kuprat AP; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States., Carson JP; Texas Advanced Computing Center, Austin, TX 78758, United States., Colby SM; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States., Saunders JH; Battelle, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH 43201, United States., Hines SA; Battelle, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH 43201, United States., Teeguarden JG; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States., Straub TM; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States., Moe M; Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Washington, DC 20528, United States., Taft SC; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Homeland Security Research Center, Threat and Consequence Assessment Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States., Corley RA; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J4-16, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of aerosol science [J Aerosol Sci] 2016 Sep; Vol. 99, pp. 64-77. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Apr 26.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.01.011
Abstrakt: Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics and Lagrangian particle deposition models were developed to compare the deposition of aerosolized Bacillus anthracis spores in the respiratory airways of a human with that of the rabbit, a species commonly used in the study of anthrax disease. The respiratory airway geometries for each species were derived respectively from computed tomography (CT) and μCT images. Both models encompassed airways that extended from the external nose to the lung with a total of 272 outlets in the human model and 2878 outlets in the rabbit model. All simulations of spore deposition were conducted under transient, inhalation-exhalation breathing conditions using average species-specific minute volumes. Two different exposure scenarios were modeled in the rabbit based upon experimental inhalation studies. For comparison, human simulations were conducted at the highest exposure concentration used during the rabbit experimental exposures. Results demonstrated that regional spore deposition patterns were sensitive to airway geometry and ventilation profiles. Due to the complex airway geometries in the rabbit nose, higher spore deposition efficiency was predicted in the nasal sinus compared to the human at the same air concentration of anthrax spores. In contrast, higher spore deposition was predicted in the lower conducting airways of the human compared to the rabbit lung due to differences in airway branching pattern. This information can be used to refine published and ongoing biokinetic models of inhalation anthrax spore exposures, which currently estimate deposited spore concentrations based solely upon exposure concentrations and inhaled doses that do not factor in species-specific anatomy and physiology for deposition.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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