Large global variations in measured airborne metal concentrations driven by anthropogenic sources.

Autor: McNeill J; Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA., Snider G; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada., Weagle CL; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada., Walsh B; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada., Bissonnette P; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada., Stone E; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada., Abboud I; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada., Akoshile C; Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria., Anh NX; Institute of Geophysics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam., Balasubramanian R; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Brook JR; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada., Coburn C; Department of Geography and Environment, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada., Cohen A; Health Effects Institute, 75 Federal Street Suite 1400, Boston, MA, 02110-1817, USA., Dong J; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Gagnon G; Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada., Garland RM; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa.; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.; Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa., He K; Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Holben BN; Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA., Kahn R; Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA., Kim JS; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada., Lagrosas N; Manila Observatory, Ateneo de Manila University Campus, Quezon City, Philippines., Lestari P; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), JL. Ganesha No.10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia., Liu Y; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA., Jeba F; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh., Joy KS; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh., Martins JV; Department of Physics and Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA., Misra A; Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India., Norford LK; Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA., Quel EJ; UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Juan B. de la Salle 4397 - B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Salam A; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh., Schichtel B; Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA., Tripathi SN; Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India., Wang C; Laboratoire d'Aerologie, CNRS/UPS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France., Zhang Q; Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Brauer M; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Gibson MD; Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.; AirPhoton, LLC., Baltimore, MD, USA., Rudich Y; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, 76100, Rehovot, Israel., Martin RV; Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. rvmartin@wustl.edu.; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. rvmartin@wustl.edu.; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. rvmartin@wustl.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2020 Dec 11; Vol. 10 (1), pp. 21817. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 11.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78789-y
Abstrakt: Globally consistent measurements of airborne metal concentrations in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) are important for understanding potential health impacts, prioritizing air pollution mitigation strategies, and enabling global chemical transport model development. PM 2.5 filter samples (N ~ 800 from 19 locations) collected from a globally distributed surface particulate matter sampling network (SPARTAN) between January 2013 and April 2019 were analyzed for particulate mass and trace metals content. Metal concentrations exhibited pronounced spatial variation, primarily driven by anthropogenic activities. PM 2.5 levels of lead, arsenic, chromium, and zinc were significantly enriched at some locations by factors of 100-3000 compared to crustal concentrations. Levels of metals in PM 2.5 and PM 10 exceeded health guidelines at multiple sites. For example, Dhaka and Kanpur sites exceeded the US National Ambient Air 3-month Quality Standard for lead (150 ng m -3 ). Kanpur, Hanoi, Beijing and Dhaka sites had annual mean arsenic concentrations that approached or exceeded the World Health Organization's risk level for arsenic (6.6 ng m -3 ). The high concentrations of several potentially harmful metals in densely populated cites worldwide motivates expanded measurements and analyses.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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