Extraformational sediment recycling on Mars.

Autor: Edgett KS; Malin Space Science Systems, P.O. Box 910148, San Diego, California 92191-0148, USA., Banham SG; Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK., Bennett KA; U.S. Geological Survey, Astrogeology Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA., Edgar LA; U.S. Geological Survey, Astrogeology Science Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA., Edwards CS; Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 6010, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA., Fairén AG; Department of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), M-108, km 4, 28850 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA., Fedo CM; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 1621 Cumberland Avenue, 602 Strong Hall, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1410, USA., Fey DM; Malin Space Science Systems, P.O. Box 910148, San Diego, California 92191-0148, USA., Garvin JB; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 600, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA., Grotzinger JP; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA., Gupta S; Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK., Henderson MJ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA., House CH; Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA., Mangold N; Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes, CNRS UMR 6112, Université de Nantes, Université Angers, 44300 Nantes, France., McLennan SM; Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2100, USA., Newsom HE; Institute of Meteoritics and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03-2050, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA., Rowland SK; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822, USA., Siebach KL; Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, MS-126, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA., Thompson L; Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada., VanBommel SJ; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA., Wiens RC; MS C331, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA., Williams RME; Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719-2395, USA., Yingst RA; Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719-2395, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Geosphere (Boulder, Colo.) [Geosphere (Boulder)] 2020 Dec 01; Vol. 16 (6), pp. 1508-1537. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 06.
DOI: 10.1130/GES02244.1
Abstrakt: Extraformational sediment recycling (old sedimentary rock to new sedimentary rock) is a fundamental aspect of Earth's geological record; tectonism exposes sedimentary rock, whereupon it is weathered and eroded to form new sediment that later becomes lithified. On Mars, tectonism has been minor, but two decades of orbiter instrument-based studies show that some sedimentary rocks previously buried to depths of kilometers have been exposed, by erosion, at the surface. Four locations in Gale crater, explored using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Curiosity rover, exhibit sedimentary lithoclasts in sedimentary rock: At Marias Pass, they are mudstone fragments in sandstone derived from strata below an erosional unconformity; at Bimbe, they are pebble-sized sandstone and, possibly, laminated, intraclast-bearing, chemical (calcium sulfate) sediment fragments in conglomerates; at Cooperstown, they are pebble-sized fragments of sandstone within coarse sandstone; at Dingo Gap, they are cobble-sized, stratified sandstone fragments in conglomerate derived from an immediately underlying sandstone. Mars orbiter images show lithified sediment fans at the termini of canyons that incise sedimentary rock in Gale crater; these, too, consist of recycled, extraformational sediment. The recycled sediments in Gale crater are compositionally immature, indicating the dominance of physical weathering processes during the second known cycle. The observations at Marias Pass indicate that sediment eroded and removed from craters such as Gale crater during the Martian Hesperian Period could have been recycled to form new rock elsewhere. Our results permit prediction that lithified deltaic sediments at the Perseverance (landing in 2021) and Rosalind Franklin (landing in 2023) rover field sites could contain extraformational recycled sediment.
Databáze: MEDLINE