Neurophysiological coding of space and time in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and retrosplenial cortex.

Autor:	Alexander AS; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Robinson JC; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Dannenberg H; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Kinsky NR; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Levy SJ; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Mau W; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Chapman GW; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Sullivan DW; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Hasselmo ME; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Brain and neuroscience advances [Brain Neurosci Adv] 2020 Nov 30; Vol. 4, pp. 2398212820972871. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 30 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.1177/2398212820972871
Abstrakt:	Neurophysiological recordings in behaving rodents demonstrate neuronal response properties that may code space and time for episodic memory and goal-directed behaviour. Here, we review recordings from hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and retrosplenial cortex to address the problem of how neurons encode multiple overlapping spatiotemporal trajectories and disambiguate these for accurate memory-guided behaviour. The solution could involve neurons in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus that show mixed selectivity, coding both time and location. Some grid cells and place cells that code space also respond selectively as time cells, allowing differentiation of time intervals when a rat runs in the same location during a delay period. Cells in these regions also develop new representations that differentially code the context of prior or future behaviour allowing disambiguation of overlapping trajectories. Spiking activity is also modulated by running speed and head direction, supporting the coding of episodic memory not as a series of snapshots but as a trajectory that can also be distinguished on the basis of speed and direction. Recent data also address the mechanisms by which sensory input could distinguish different spatial locations. Changes in firing rate reflect running speed on long but not short time intervals, and few cells code movement direction, arguing against path integration for coding location. Instead, new evidence for neural coding of environmental boundaries in egocentric coordinates fits with a modelling framework in which egocentric coding of barriers combined with head direction generates distinct allocentric coding of location. The egocentric input can be used both for coding the location of spatiotemporal trajectories and for retrieving specific viewpoints of the environment. Overall, these different patterns of neural activity can be used for encoding and disambiguation of prior episodic spatiotemporal trajectories or for planning of future goal-directed spatiotemporal trajectories. Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. (© The Author(s) 2020.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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