Mites, ticks, anaphylaxis and allergy: The Acari hypothesis.

Autor: Retzinger AC; Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University, Camden Clark Medical Center, Parkersburg, WV 26101 USA. Electronic address: andrew.retzinger@gmail.com., Retzinger GS; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Medical hypotheses [Med Hypotheses] 2020 Nov; Vol. 144, pp. 110257. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Sep 10.
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110257
Abstrakt: Anaphylaxis is a poorly understood immune process in which a Th2-/IgE-mediated adaptive response commandeers cellular machinery, typically reserved for defense against multicellular ectoparasites, to activate against otherwise benign molecules. Its clinical manifestations consist of rapid pathophysiological reflexes that target epithelial surfaces. The galactose-α-1,3-galactose hypersensitivity response is a compelling model of anaphylaxis for which causation has been demonstrated. At the core of the model, a tick bite sensitizes a recipient to a tick foodstuff. As proposed herein, the model likely informs on the origin of all allergic inflammation; namely, allergy is not intended to protect against seemingly harmless and irrelevant materials, but is, instead, intended to rid epithelial surfaces of pathogen-bearing Acari, i.e., mites and ticks. The demonstrated adjuvant activity of acarian gastrointestinal secretions, when paired with the polyphagous diet of mites, renders acarians eminently suited to accounting, mechanistically, for many, if not all, human allergies.
(Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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