Population genomic evidence that human and animal infections in Africa come from the same populations of Dracunculus medinensis.

Autor: Durrant C; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom., Thiele EA; Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, United States of America., Holroyd N; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom., Doyle SR; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom., Sallé G; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.; INRA-U. Tours, UMR 1282 ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France., Tracey A; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom., Sankaranarayanan G; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom., Lotkowska ME; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom., Bennett HM; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.; Present Address: Berkeley Lights Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America., Huckvale T; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom., Abdellah Z; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom., Tchindebet O; Guinea Worm Eradication Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America., Wossen M; Guinea Worm Eradication Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America., Logora MSY; Guinea Worm Eradication Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America., Coulibaly CO; Guinea Worm Eradication Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America., Weiss A; Guinea Worm Eradication Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America., Schulte-Hostedde AI; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada., Foster JM; New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America., Cleveland CA; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America., Yabsley MJ; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America., Ruiz-Tiben E; Guinea Worm Eradication Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America., Berriman M; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom., Eberhard ML; Retired, Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America., Cotton JA; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2020 Nov 30; Vol. 14 (11), pp. e0008623. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 30 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008623
Abstrakt: Background: Guinea worm-Dracunculus medinensis-was historically one of the major parasites of humans and has been known since antiquity. Now, Guinea worm is on the brink of eradication, as efforts to interrupt transmission have reduced the annual burden of disease from millions of infections per year in the 1980s to only 54 human cases reported globally in 2019. Despite the enormous success of eradication efforts to date, one complication has arisen. Over the last few years, hundreds of dogs have been found infected with this previously apparently anthroponotic parasite, almost all in Chad. Moreover, the relative numbers of infections in humans and dogs suggests that dogs are currently the principal reservoir on infection and key to maintaining transmission in that country.
Principal Findings: In an effort to shed light on this peculiar epidemiology of Guinea worm in Chad, we have sequenced and compared the genomes of worms from dog, human and other animal infections. Confirming previous work with other molecular markers, we show that all of these worms are D. medinensis, and that the same population of worms are causing both infections, can confirm the suspected transmission between host species and detect signs of a population bottleneck due to the eradication efforts. The diversity of worms in Chad appears to exclude the possibility that there were no, or very few, worms present in the country during a 10-year absence of reported cases.
Conclusions: This work reinforces the importance of adequate surveillance of both human and dog populations in the Guinea worm eradication campaign and suggests that control programs aiming to interrupt disease transmission should stay aware of the possible emergence of unusual epidemiology as pathogens approach elimination.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Author Ouakou Tchindebet was unable to confirm their authorship contributions. On their behalf, the corresponding author has reported their contributions to the best of their knowledge.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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