Nutrients cause grassland biomass to outpace herbivory.

Autor: Borer ET; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA. borer@umn.edu., Harpole WS; Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany., Adler PB; Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA., Arnillas CA; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto - Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada., Bugalho MN; Centre for Applied Ecology (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal., Cadotte MW; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto - Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada., Caldeira MC; Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal., Campana S; IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Dickman CR; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Dickson TL; Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA., Donohue I; Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Eskelinen A; Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.; Department of Ecology & Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland., Firn JL; School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., Graff P; IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Gruner DS; Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Heckman RW; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA., Koltz AM; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA., Komatsu KJ; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA., Lannes LS; Department of Biology and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil., MacDougall AS; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada., Martina JP; Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA., Moore JL; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, Australia., Mortensen B; Department of Biology, Benedictine College, Atchison, KS, USA., Ochoa-Hueso R; Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain., Olde Venterink H; Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium., Power SA; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia., Price JN; Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia., Risch AC; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland., Sankaran M; National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bengaluru, India.; School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK., Schütz M; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland., Sitters J; Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium., Stevens CJ; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK., Virtanen R; Department of Ecology & Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland., Wilfahrt PA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.; Department of Disturbance Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany., Seabloom EW; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2020 Nov 27; Vol. 11 (1), pp. 6036. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 27.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19870-y
Abstrakt: Human activities are transforming grassland biomass via changing climate, elemental nutrients, and herbivory. Theory predicts that food-limited herbivores will consume any additional biomass stimulated by nutrient inputs ('consumer-controlled'). Alternatively, nutrient supply is predicted to increase biomass where herbivores alter community composition or are limited by factors other than food ('resource-controlled'). Using an experiment replicated in 58 grasslands spanning six continents, we show that nutrient addition and vertebrate herbivore exclusion each caused sustained increases in aboveground live biomass over a decade, but consumer control was weak. However, at sites with high vertebrate grazing intensity or domestic livestock, herbivores consumed the additional fertilization-induced biomass, supporting the consumer-controlled prediction. Herbivores most effectively reduced the additional live biomass at sites with low precipitation or high ambient soil nitrogen. Overall, these experimental results suggest that grassland biomass will outstrip wild herbivore control as human activities increase elemental nutrient supply, with widespread consequences for grazing and fire risk.
Databáze: MEDLINE