Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes.

Autor: Pilla RM; Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA. pillarm@miamioh.edu., Williamson CE; Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA., Adamovich BV; Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus., Adrian R; Department of Ecosystems Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.; Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Anneville O; CARRTEL, INRAE, Thonon-les-Bains, France., Chandra S; Global Water Center, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA., Colom-Montero W; Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Devlin SP; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA., Dix MA; Instituto de Investigacones, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala., Dokulil MT; Research Department for Limnology Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria., Gaiser EE; Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA., Girdner SF; Crater Lake National Park, U.S. National Park Service, Crater Lake, OR, USA., Hambright KD; Department of Biology, Plankton Ecology and Limnology Lab and Geographical Ecology Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA., Hamilton DP; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia., Havens K; Florida Sea Grant and UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Hessen DO; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Higgins SN; IISD Experimental Lake Area Inc, Winnipeg, MB, Canada., Huttula TH; Freshwater Center, Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Helsinki, Finland., Huuskonen H; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland., Isles PDF; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland., Joehnk KD; Land and Water, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia., Jones ID; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK., Keller WB; Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, Canada., Knoll LB; Itasca Biological Station and Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Lake Itasca, MN, USA., Korhonen J; Freshwater Center, Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Helsinki, Finland., Kraemer BM; Department of Ecosystems Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany., Leavitt PR; Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Co., Antrim, UK., Lepori F; Department for Environment, Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Canobbio, Switzerland., Luger MS; Federal Agency for Water Management AT, Mondsee, Austria., Maberly SC; Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, UK., Melack JM; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA., Melles SJ; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada., Müller-Navarra DC; Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany., Pierson DC; Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Pislegina HV; Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia., Plisnier PD; University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Richardson DC; Department of Biology, SUNY New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, USA., Rimmer A; The Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, Israel., Rogora M; CNR Water Research Institute, Verbania Pallanza, Italy., Rusak JA; Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation, and Parks, Dorset, ON, Canada., Sadro S; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA., Salmaso N; Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele All'Adige, Italy., Saros JE; Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA., Saulnier-Talbot É; Centre D'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada., Schindler DE; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Schmid M; Surface Waters-Research and Management, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland., Shimaraeva SV; Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia., Silow EA; Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia., Sitoki LM; Department of Geosciences and the Environment, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya., Sommaruga R; Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Straile D; Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany., Strock KE; Department of Environmental Science, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, USA., Thiery W; Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.; Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Timofeyev MA; Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia., Verburg P; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand., Vinebrooke RD; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada., Weyhenmeyer GA; Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Zadereev E; Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2020 Nov 25; Vol. 10 (1), pp. 20514. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 25.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76873-x
Abstrakt: Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970-2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade -1 , comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m -3 decade -1 ). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade -1 ), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from - 0.68 °C decade -1 to + 0.65 °C decade -1 . The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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