Protist taxonomic and functional diversity in soil, freshwater and marine ecosystems.

Autor: Singer D; Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil; UMR CNRS 6112 LPG-BIAF, Université d'Angers, Angers Cedex 1, France. Electronic address: david.singer@univ-angers.fr., Seppey CVW; Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: christophe.seppey@uit.no., Lentendu G; Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland., Dunthorn M; Department of Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany., Bass D; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK., Belbahri L; Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland., Blandenier Q; Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain., Debroas D; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Genome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France., de Groot GA; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands., de Vargas C; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 7144, ECOMAP, 29680 Roscoff, France; Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France., Domaizon I; Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, 74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France., Duckert C; Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland., Izaguirre I; Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Koenig I; Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland., Mataloni G; Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina., Schiaffino MR; Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones y transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) - UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Junín 6000, Argentina., Mitchell EAD; Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Jardin Botanique de Neuchâtel, Chemin du Perthuis-du-Sault 58, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland., Geisen S; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: stefan.geisen@wur.nl., Lara E; Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: enrique.lara@rjb.csic.es.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environment international [Environ Int] 2021 Jan; Vol. 146, pp. 106262. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 19.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106262
Abstrakt: Protists dominate eukaryotic diversity and play key functional roles in all ecosystems, particularly by catalyzing carbon and nutrient cycling. To date, however, a comparative analysis of their taxonomic and functional diversity that compares the major ecosystems on Earth (soil, freshwater and marine systems) is missing. Here, we present a comparison of protist diversity based on standardized high throughput 18S rRNA gene sequencing of soil, freshwater and marine environmental DNA. Soil and freshwater protist communities were more similar to each other than to marine protist communities, with virtually no overlap of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) between terrestrial and marine habitats. Soil protists showed higher γ diversity than aquatic samples. Differences in taxonomic composition of the communities led to changes in a functional diversity among ecosystems, as expressed in relative abundance of consumers, phototrophs and parasites. Phototrophs (eukaryotic algae) dominated freshwater systems (49% of the sequences) and consumers soil and marine ecosystems (59% and 48%, respectively). The individual functional groups were composed of ecosystem- specific taxonomic groups. Parasites were equally common in all ecosystems, yet, terrestrial systems hosted more OTUs assigned to parasites of macro-organisms while aquatic systems contained mostly microbial parasitoids. Together, we show biogeographic patterns of protist diversity across major ecosystems on Earth, preparing the way for more focused studies that will help understanding the multiple roles of protists in the biosphere.
(Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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