Long-term low-level ambient air pollution exposure and risk of lung cancer - A pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts.

Autor: Hvidtfeldt UA; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: ullah@cancer.dk., Severi G; CESP, UMR 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications 'G. Parenti' (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy. Electronic address: gianluca.severi@inserm.fr., Andersen ZJ; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: zorana.andersen@sund.ku.dk., Atkinson R; Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St George's, University of London, London, UK. Electronic address: atkinson@sgul.ac.uk., Bauwelinck M; Interface Demography - Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: mariska.bauwelinck@vub.ac.be., Bellander T; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: tom.bellander@ki.se., Boutron-Ruault MC; CESP, UMR 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Electronic address: marie-christine.boutron@gustaveroussy.fr., Brandt J; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate - Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: jbr@envs.au.dk., Brunekreef B; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80177, NL 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands., Cesaroni G; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, 00147 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: g.cesaroni@deplazio.it., Chen J; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80177, NL 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.chen1@uu.nl., Concin H; Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstraße 61, 6900 Bregenz, Austria. Electronic address: Hans.Concin@aks.or.at., Forastiere F; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy; Environmental Research Group, King's College, London SE1 9NH, UK., van Gils CH; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: C.vanGils@umcutrecht.nl., Gulliver J; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK. Electronic address: jg435@leicester.ac.uk., Hertel O; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: oh@envs.au.dk., Hoek G; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80177, NL 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: G.Hoek@uu.nl., Hoffmann B; Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Gurlittstraße 55, 40223 Dusseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: b.hoffmann@uni-duesseldorf.de., de Hoogh K; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Postfach, 4001 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: c.dehoogh@swisstph.ch., Janssen N; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Electronic address: nicole.janssen@rivm.nl., Jöckel KH; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: k-h.Joeckel@uk-essen.de., Jørgensen JT; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: jethe@sund.ku.dk., Katsouyanni K; Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodstrian University of Athens, Medical School 75, Mikras Asias Street 115 27 Athens, Greece; NIHR HPRU Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK. Electronic address: kkatsouy@med.uoa.gr., Ketzel M; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mke@envs.au.dk., Klompmaker JO; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80177, NL 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Electronic address: jochem.klompmaker@rivm.nl., Krog NH; Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: NorunHjertager.Krog@fhi.no., Lang A; Cancer Registry Vorarlberg, Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstraße 61, Bregenz 6900, Austria. Electronic address: alois.lang@vol.at., Leander K; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: karin.leander@ki.se., Liu S; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: shli@sund.ku.dk., Ljungman PLS; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: petter.ljungman@ki.se., Magnusson PKE; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: patrik.magnusson@ki.se., Mehta AJ; Statistics Denmark, Sejrøgade 11, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: amar.mehta@sund.ku.dk., Nagel G; Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Rheinstraße 61, 6900 Bregenz, Austria; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Electronic address: gabriele.nagel@uni-ulm.de., Oftedal B; Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: bente.oftedal@fhi.no., Pershagen G; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: goran.pershagen@ki.se., Peter RS; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Electronic address: Raphael.Peter@uni-ulm.de., Peters A; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: peters@helmholtz-muenchen.de., Renzi M; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, 00147 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: m.renzi@deplazio.it., Rizzuto D; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm 17165, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm 11346, Sweden. Electronic address: debora.rizzuto@ki.se., Rodopoulou S; Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodstrian University of Athens, Medical School 75, Mikras Asias Street 115 27 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: srodopoyl@med.uoa.gr., Samoli E; Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodstrian University of Athens, Medical School 75, Mikras Asias Street 115 27 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: esamoli@med.uoa.gr., Schwarze PE; Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: per.schwarze@fhi.no., Sigsgaard T; Department of Public Health, Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: ts@ph.au.dk., Simonsen MK; Diakonissestiftelsen and Parker Institute, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark. Electronic address: mksi@ucdiakonissen.dk., Stafoggia M; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, 00147 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: m.stafoggia@deplazio.it., Strak M; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80177, NL 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Electronic address: maciek.strak@rivm.nl., Vienneau D; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Postfach, 4001 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: danielle.vienneau@unibas.ch., Weinmayr G; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Electronic address: Gudrun.Weinmayr@uni-ulm.de., Wolf K; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address: kathrin.wolf@helmholtz-muenchen.de., Raaschou-Nielsen O; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: ole@cancer.dk., Fecht D; UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK. Electronic address: d.fecht@imperial.ac.uk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environment international [Environ Int] 2021 Jan; Vol. 146, pp. 106249. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 13.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106249
Abstrakt: Background/aim: Ambient air pollution has been associated with lung cancer, but the shape of the exposure-response function - especially at low exposure levels - is not well described. The aim of this study was to address the relationship between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and lung cancer incidence.
Methods: The "Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: a Study in Europe" (ELAPSE) collaboration pools seven cohorts from across Europe. We developed hybrid models combining air pollution monitoring, land use data, satellite observations, and dispersion model estimates for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O 3 ) to assign exposure to cohort participants' residential addresses in 100 m by 100 m grids. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, calendar year, marital status, smoking, body mass index, employment status, and neighborhood-level socio-economic status). We fitted linear models, linear models in subsets, Shape-Constrained Health Impact Functions (SCHIF), and natural cubic spline models to assess the shape of the association between air pollution and lung cancer at concentrations below existing standards and guidelines.
Results: The analyses included 307,550 cohort participants. During a mean follow-up of 18.1 years, 3956 incident lung cancer cases occurred. Median (Q1, Q3) annual (2010) exposure levels of NO 2 , PM 2.5 , BC and O 3 (warm season) were 24.2 µg/m 3 (19.5, 29.7), 15.4 µg/m 3 (12.8, 17.3), 1.6 10 -5 m -1 (1.3, 1.8), and 86.6 µg/m 3 (78.5, 92.9), respectively. We observed a higher risk for lung cancer with higher exposure to PM 2.5 (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.23 per 5 µg/m 3 ). This association was robust to adjustment for other pollutants. The SCHIF, spline and subset analyses suggested a linear or supra-linear association with no evidence of a threshold. In subset analyses, risk estimates were clearly elevated for the subset of subjects with exposure below the EU limit value of 25 µg/m 3 . We did not observe associations between NO 2 , BC or O 3 and lung cancer incidence.
Conclusions: Long-term ambient PM 2.5 exposure is associated with lung cancer incidence even at concentrations below current EU limit values and possibly WHO Air Quality Guidelines.
(Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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