Communal living: glycan utilization by the human gut microbiota.

Autor: Briggs JA; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada., Grondin JM; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada., Brumer H; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental microbiology [Environ Microbiol] 2021 Jan; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 15-35. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 23.
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15317
Abstrakt: Our lower gastrointestinal tract plays host to a vast consortium of microbes, known as the human gut microbiota (HGM). The HGM thrives on a complex and diverse range of glycan structures from both dietary and host sources, the breakdown of which requires the concerted action of cohorts of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), carbohydrate-binding proteins, and transporters. The glycan utilization profile of individual taxa, whether 'specialist' or 'generalist', is dictated by the number and functional diversity of these glycan utilization systems. Furthermore, taxa in the HGM may either compete or cooperate in glycan deconstruction, thereby creating a complex ecological web spanning diverse nutrient niches. As a result, our diet plays a central role in shaping the composition of the HGM. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of glycan utilization by the HGM on three levels: (i) molecular mechanisms of individual glycan deconstruction and uptake by key bacteria, (ii) glycan-mediated microbial interactions, and (iii) community-scale effects of dietary changes. Despite significant recent advancements, there remains much to be discovered regarding complex glycan metabolism in the HGM and its potential to affect positive health outcomes.
(© 2020 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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