Estrogenicity of agricultural runoff: A rainfall simulation study of worst-case scenarios using fresh layer and roaster litter, and farrowing swine manure.

Autor: Shappell NW; USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory (retired), 1616 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA. Electronic address: nwshappell@gmail.com., Shipitalo MJ; USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment (retired), 2110 University Boulevard, Ames, IA 50011-3120, USA., Billey LO; USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory (retired), 1616 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA. Electronic address: Lloyd.Billey@usda.gov.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2021 Jan 01; Vol. 750, pp. 141188. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Aug 03.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141188
Abstrakt: Scientists have correlated land application of animal wastes as fertilizer with the feminization of fish. Two questions were asked. 1) Under a worst case scenario when animal waste (layer and roaster litter, or farrowing swine slurry) is applied and tilled in 24 h prior to a surface-runoff producing rainfall, will estrogenic equivalents exceed the Lowest Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) for fish (10 ng/L)? 2) Can calcium concentrations in runoff, measured using a rapid meter-based method, be used as a sentinel of elevated estrogenic activity? In a 3-yr study wastes were surface-applied and incorporated and 24 h later, 1.5 by 3 m plots were subjected to simulated rainfall and again 1 wk. and 3 wk. later. Nutrients in runoff were also measured, and in year 1 total coliforms and E. coli. were assessed. Except for an initial preliminary test run, runoff from all plots and years never exceeded 10 ng/L E2Eq equivalent. Calcium concentrations in runoff were not related to estrogenicity, negating its use as a sentinel marker. Specific estrogens in animal waste and runoff were identified by mass spectrometry with concentrations in runoff dependant on manure source and timing of rainfall. As expected, total coliform and E. coli concentrations in runoff were increased by the application of layer litter. Concentrations of nutrients in runoff would not be expected to result in surface water concentrations higher than guidelines for protection of aquatic species. Animal wastes applied in quantities appropriate for crop nutrient requirements, tilled into the soil surface, in observance of regulations avoiding application within 24 h of a predicted rain event, should not result in estrogen levels of environmental concern.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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