Innovation of heterochromatin functions drives rapid evolution of essential ZAD-ZNF genes in Drosophila .

Autor:	Kasinathan B; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, United States.; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, United States.; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States., Colmenares SU 3rd; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States.; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.; Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, United States., McConnell H; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States., Young JM; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States., Karpen GH; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States.; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.; Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, United States., Malik HS; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	ELife [Elife] 2020 Nov 10; Vol. 9. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 10.
DOI:	10.7554/eLife.63368
Abstrakt:	Contrary to dogma, evolutionarily young and dynamic genes can encode essential functions. We find that evolutionarily dynamic ZAD-ZNF genes, which encode the most abundant class of insect transcription factors, are more likely to encode essential functions in Drosophila melanogaster than ancient, conserved ZAD-ZNF genes. We focus on the Nicknack ZAD-ZNF gene, which is evolutionarily young, poorly retained in Drosophila species, and evolves under strong positive selection. Yet we find that it is necessary for larval development in D. melanogaster. We show that Nicknack encodes a heterochromatin-localizing protein like its paralog Oddjob , also an evolutionarily dynamic yet essential ZAD-ZNF gene. We find that the divergent D. simulans Nicknack protein can still localize to D. melanogaster heterochromatin and rescue viability of female but not male Nicknack- null D. melanogaster . Our findings suggest that innovation for rapidly changing heterochromatin functions might generally explain the essentiality of many evolutionarily dynamic ZAD-ZNF genes in insects. Competing Interests: BK, SC, HM, JY, GK, HM No competing interests declared (© 2020, Kasinathan et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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