Cancer Screening
| Autor: | Moleyar-Narayana P; LSU Health Shreveport, Ranganathan S; LSU Health Sciences- UH Conway |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | 2022 Jan. |
| Abstrakt: | Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, next only to heart disease in the United States. Cancer screening is the modality for prevention and early recognition of cancer. As per the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), new cancer cases that are expected in 2020 will be more than 1.8 million, with 606,520 cancer deaths. Fortunately, some of the cancers, for instance, colon, lung, cervical, breast cancer, can be detected with screening, which helps in delaying or even halting the progression of cancer. Screening for cancer is a form of secondary prevention wherein the mortality from cancer is reduced with no change in incidence. Due to significant lag time in the malignant transformation; Screening provides an opportunity to detect premalignant lesions, early intervention in the carcinogenic process, and delay the course of cancer. Most of the risk factors for cancer are preventable. Eliminating the use of tobacco products and secondhand smoke exposure, getting vaccinated (HPV-Human Papilloma Virus), avoiding tanning beds, maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, avoiding processed or red meat, consuming a healthy diet with a high intake of fruits and vegetable are some of the measures that can substantially decrease a person's lifetime risk of developing or dying from cancer. Healthy People Initiative (HPI) is a US program that develops and tracks health objectives for the nation. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a chosen data source for setting and assessing several HPI targets in cancer. The 2015 NHIS findings show that the utilization of cancer screening tests for cervical, colorectal, and breast cancer was below Healthy People 2020 target. In 2015, rates for Pap tests, mammography, colorectal cancer screening were 80%, 70%, and just above 60 %, respectively, whereas the HP 2020 targets are 93% for Pap tests, 81% for mammography, and 70.5 % for colorectal cancer screening. In this article, we reviewed the four common cancers and the screening guidelines that are followed in the United States. (Copyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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