MILK Symposium review: Microbiological quality and safety of milk from farm to milk collection centers in Rwanda.

Autor:	Ndahetuye JB; Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala Sweden, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda, PO Box 210, Musanze, Rwanda. Electronic address: ndahetuyej@yahoo.fr., Artursson K; National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7036, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden., Båge R; Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala Sweden, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden., Ingabire A; College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda, PO Box 210, Musanze, Rwanda., Karege C; College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda, PO Box 210, Musanze, Rwanda., Djangwani J; College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda, PO Box 210, Musanze, Rwanda., Nyman AK; Växa Sverige, PO Box 30204, SE-104 25 Stockholm, Sweden., Ongol MP; College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda, PO Box 210, Musanze, Rwanda., Tukei M; College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda, PO Box 210, Musanze, Rwanda., Persson Y; National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of dairy science [J Dairy Sci] 2020 Nov; Vol. 103 (11), pp. 9730-9739.
DOI:	10.3168/jds.2020-18302
Abstrakt:	The aim of this study was to generate knowledge on the most important milk quality and safety attributes, including somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Brucella spp. antibodies and antibiotic residues in milk in the chain from farm to milk collection center (MCC) in Rwanda. In addition, we investigated farm and management factors associated with high TBC, SCC, and Salmonella counts. Raw milk was sampled at the farm and MCC levels. Milk samples were taken from dairy farms linked to 2 selected MCC in each of the 4 provinces in Rwanda. In total, 406 bulk milk samples from 406 farms and 32 bulk milk samples from 8 MCC were collected and analyzed. Farm milk average SCC varied between 180 × 10 3 and 920 × 10 3 cells/mL, whereas average SCC in milk samples at MCC varied between 170 × 10 3 and 1,700 × 10 3 cells/mL. The mean milk TBC of different farms per MCC varied between 1.1 × 10 6 and 1.6 × 10 7 cfu/mL, whereas in milk samples from different MCC, the mean TBC ranged between 5.3 × 10 5 and 2.4 × 10 8 cfu/mL. The high TBC in milk from MCC suggests proliferation or recontamination of milk by bacteria during transportation. Escherichia coli was detected in 35 of 385 farm milk samples and ranged between 5 cfu/mL and 1.1 × 10 4 cfu/mL, whereas in milk samples from the MCC, it was detected in 20 out 32 samples varying between 5 cfu/mL and 2.9 × 10 3 cfu/mL. Overall farm prevalence of Salmonella in milk samples was 14%, but no milk samples from MCC were positive for Salmonella. Five out of 22 bulk milk samples from different MCC were positive for Brucella spp. antibodies, but no Brucella antibodies were detected in milk samples from farms. The prevalence of antibiotic residues as detected by the Delvotest SP NT (DSM, Delft, the Netherlands) was low: 1.3% in farm milk samples and undetected in MCC milk samples. Lack of a separate milking area was associated with high TBC, whereas offering of supplemental feeds, keeping data of past diseases, and an unhygienic milking area were associated with high SCC. Lack of teat washing before milking was the only factor associated with Salmonella contamination of milk at the farm level. This study indicated high TBC and SCC of milk samples at the farm and MCC levels, which indicates both microbial contamination of milk and poor udder health in dairy cows. Presence of E. coli, Salmonella, and Brucella antibodies in milk was common, but finding antibiotic residues in milk was uncommon. (The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. and Fass Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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