Impact of cannabis and low alcohol concentration on divided attention tasks during driving.

Autor:	Miller RE; aDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa (currently at Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio)., Brown TL; bNational Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa., Lee S; cGrinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa., Tibrewal I; cGrinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa., Gaffney GG; bNational Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.; dDepartment of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa., Milavetz G; bNational Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.; eCollege of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa., Hartman RL; fChemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland (currently at Monroe County Office of the Medical Examiner, Rochester, New York)., Gorelick DA; Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland (currently at Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland)., Compton R; hBehavioral Safety Research, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, (currently Traffic Safety Research, North Potomac, Maryland)., Huestis MA; iChemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland (currently at Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Traffic injury prevention [Traffic Inj Prev] 2020 Oct 12; Vol. 21 (sup1), pp. S123-S129. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 09.
DOI:	10.1080/15389588.2020.1814956
Abstrakt:	Objective: To assess divided-attention performance when driving under the influence of cannabis with and without alcohol. Three divided-attention tasks were performed following administration of placebo, cannabis, and/or alcohol. Methods: Healthy adult cannabis users participated in 6 sessions, receiving combinations of cannabis (placebo/low-THC/high-THC) and alcohol (placebo/active) in randomized order, separated by washout periods of ≥1 week. At 0.5 hours post-dosing, participants performed simulator drives in the University of Iowa National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS-1), a full vehicle cab simulator with a 360° horizontal field of view and motion base that provides realistic feedback. Drives contained repeated instances of three tasks: a side-mirror task (reaction to a triangle appearing in the side-mirrors), an artist-search task (select a specified artist from a navigable menu on the vehicle's console), and a message-reading task (read aloud a message displayed on the console). Blood THC and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) were interpolated using individual power curves from samples collected approximately 0.17, 0.42, 1.4, and 2.3 hours post-dose. Driving measures during tasks were compared to equal-duration control periods occurring just prior to the task. Performance shifts, task completion, and lane departures were modeled relative to blood THC and BrAC using mixed-effects regression models. Results: Each 1 µg/L increase in blood THC concentration predicted increased odds of failing to complete the artist-search task (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11, p = 0.046), increased odds of selecting at least one incorrect response (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.09, p = 0.041), declines in speed during the side-mirror task (0.005 m/s, 95% CI: 0.001-0.009, p = 0.023), and longer lane departure durations during the artist-search task (0.74% of task-period, 95% CI: 0.12-1.36 p = 0.020). BrAC (approximately 0.05%) was not associated with task performance, though each 0.01 g/210 L increase predicted longer departure durations during the side-mirror task (1.41% of task-period, 95% CI: 0.08-2.76, p = 0.040) and increased standard deviation of lane position in the message-reading task (0.61 cm, 95% CI: 0.14-1.08, p = 0.011). Conclusions: With increasing medical and legal cannabis use, understanding the impact of acute cannabis use on driving performance, including divided-attention, is essential. These data indicate that impaired divided-attention performance is a safety concern.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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