Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities.

Autor: Kankaanpää T; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Vesterinen E; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden., Hardwick B; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Schmidt NM; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark.; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Andersson T; Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland., Aspholm PE; NIBIO, Norsk Institutt for Bioøkonomi, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway., Barrio IC; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland., Beckers N; Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Bêty J; Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.; Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, UQAR, Rimouski, QC, Canada., Birkemoe T; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway., DeSiervo M; Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA., Drotos KHI; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada., Ehrich D; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway., Gilg O; Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-UFC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.; Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Arctique, Francheville, France., Gilg V; Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Arctique, Francheville, France., Hein N; Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Høye TT; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark.; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Jakobsen KM; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark.; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Jodouin C; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada., Jorna J; Arctic Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Kozlov MV; Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland., Kresse JC; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark.; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Leandri-Breton DJ; Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, UQAR, Rimouski, QC, Canada., Lecomte N; Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.; Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology and Centre d'etudes, Moncton, NB, Canada., Loonen M; Arctic Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Marr P; Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Monckton SK; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada., Olsen M; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland., Otis JA; Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada., Pyle M; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada., Roos RE; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway., Raundrup K; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland., Rozhkova D; Perm State University, Perm, Russia., Sabard B; Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Arctique, Francheville, France., Sokolov A; Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Labytnangi, Russia., Sokolova N; Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Labytnangi, Russia., Solecki AM; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada., Urbanowicz C; Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA., Villeneuve C; Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, UQAR, Rimouski, QC, Canada., Vyguzova E; Perm State University, Perm, Russia., Zverev V; Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland., Roslin T; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Global change biology [Glob Chang Biol] 2020 Nov; Vol. 26 (11), pp. 6276-6295. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Sep 11.
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15297
Abstrakt: Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts-as being less fine-tuned to host development-to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic-level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort.
(© 2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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