The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements.

Autor:	Ramonet M; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Ciais P; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Apadula F; Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Milan, Italy., Bartyzel J; AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland., Bastos A; Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80333 Munich, Germany., Bergamaschi P; European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy., Blanc PE; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Marseille, France., Brunner D; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland., Caracciolo di Torchiarolo L; Italian Air Force Meteorological Service, Rome, Italy., Calzolari F; National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy., Chen H; Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands., Chmura L; AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland., Colomb A; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France., Conil S; DRD/OPE, Andra, Bure, France., Cristofanelli P; National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy., Cuevas E; Izana Atmospheric Research Center, Meteorological State Agency of Spain, Tenerife, Spain., Curcoll R; Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Delmotte M; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., di Sarra A; Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy., Emmenegger L; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland., Forster G; National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Frumau A; Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Petten, The Netherlands., Gerbig C; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany., Gheusi F; Laboratoire d'Aérologie, UPS Université Toulouse 3, CNRS (UMR5560), Toulouse, France., Hammer S; University of Heidelberg, Institut fuer Umweltphysik, Heidelberg, Germany., Haszpra L; Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Sopron, Hungary., Hatakka J; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland., Hazan L; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Heliasz M; Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Henne S; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland., Hensen A; Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Petten, The Netherlands., Hermansen O; NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Oslo, Norway., Keronen P; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Kivi R; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland., Komínková K; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic., Kubistin D; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany., Laurent O; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Laurila T; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland., Lavric JV; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany., Lehner I; Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Lehtinen KEJ; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.; University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland., Leskinen A; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.; University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland., Leuenberger M; University of Bern, Physics Institute, Climate and Environmental Physics Division and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland., Levin I; University of Heidelberg, Institut fuer Umweltphysik, Heidelberg, Germany., Lindauer M; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany., Lopez M; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Myhre CL; NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Oslo, Norway., Mammarella I; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Manca G; European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy., Manning A; National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Marek MV; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic., Marklund P; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Unit for Field-based Forest Research, 92291 Vindeln, Sweden., Martin D; Environmental Protection Agency, Dublin, Ireland., Meinhardt F; Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Germany., Mihalopoulos N; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, University of Crete, Greece., Mölder M; Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science (INES), Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Morgui JA; Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Necki J; AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland., O'Doherty S; Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., O'Dowd C; National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland., Ottosson M; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Unit for Field-based Forest Research, 92291 Vindeln, Sweden., Philippon C; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Piacentino S; Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy., Pichon JM; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France., Plass-Duelmer C; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany., Resovsky A; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Rivier L; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Rodó X; Climate and Health Programme (CLIMA), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGLOBAL), Barcelona, Spain.; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain., Sha MK; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium., Scheeren HA; Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands., Sferlazzo D; Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy., Spain TG; National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland., Stanley KM; Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Steinbacher M; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland., Trisolino P; National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy., Vermeulen A; ICOS-ERIC, Carbon Portal, Lund, Sweden., Vítková G; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic., Weyrauch D; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany., Xueref-Remy I; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Marseille, France., Yala K; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Yver Kwok C; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences [Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci] 2020 Oct 26; Vol. 375 (1810), pp. 20190513. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Sep 07.
DOI:	10.1098/rstb.2019.0513
Abstrakt:	During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO 2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO 2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO 2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO 2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO 2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO 2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO 2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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