From Animal Poisons and Venoms to Medicines: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Discovery.

Autor:	Bordon KCF; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Cologna CT; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Fornari-Baldo EC; Health and Science Institute, Paulista University, São José do Rio Pardo, Brazil., Pinheiro-Júnior EL; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Cerni FA; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Amorim FG; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, Brazil., Anjolette FAP; Department of Pharmacy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraná, Palmas, Brazil., Cordeiro FA; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Wiezel GA; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Cardoso IA; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Ferreira IG; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., de Oliveira IS; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Boldrini-França J; Postgraduate Program in Ecosystem Ecology, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, Brazil., Pucca MB; Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil., Baldo MA; Health and Science Institute, Paulista University, São José do Rio Pardo, Brazil., Arantes EC; Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in pharmacology [Front Pharmacol] 2020 Jul 24; Vol. 11, pp. 1132. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 24 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.3389/fphar.2020.01132
Abstrakt:	Animal poisons and venoms are comprised of different classes of molecules displaying wide-ranging pharmacological activities. This review aims to provide an in-depth view of toxin-based compounds from terrestrial and marine organisms used as diagnostic tools, experimental molecules to validate postulated therapeutic targets, drug libraries, prototypes for the design of drugs, cosmeceuticals, and therapeutic agents. However, making these molecules applicable requires extensive preclinical trials, with some applications also demanding clinical trials, in order to validate their molecular target, mechanism of action, effective dose, potential adverse effects, as well as other fundamental parameters. Here we go through the pitfalls for a toxin-based potential therapeutic drug to become eligible for clinical trials and marketing. The manuscript also presents an overview of the current picture for several molecules from different animal venoms and poisons (such as those from amphibians, cone snails, hymenopterans, scorpions, sea anemones, snakes, spiders, tetraodontiformes, bats, and shrews) that have been used in clinical trials. Advances and perspectives on the therapeutic potential of molecules from other underexploited animals, such as caterpillars and ticks, are also reported. The challenges faced during the lengthy and costly preclinical and clinical studies and how to overcome these hindrances are also discussed for that drug candidates going to the bedside. It covers most of the drugs developed using toxins, the molecules that have failed and those that are currently in clinical trials. The article presents a detailed overview of toxins that have been used as therapeutic agents, including their discovery, formulation, dosage, indications, main adverse effects, and pregnancy and breastfeeding prescription warnings. Toxins in diagnosis, as well as cosmeceuticals and atypical therapies (bee venom and leech therapies) are also reported. The level of cumulative and detailed information provided in this review may help pharmacists, physicians, biotechnologists, pharmacologists, and scientists interested in toxinology, drug discovery, and development of toxin-based products. (Copyright © 2020 Bordon, Cologna, Fornari-Baldo, Pinheiro-Júnior, Cerni, Amorim, Anjolette, Cordeiro, Wiezel, Cardoso, Ferreira, Oliveira, Boldrini-França, Pucca, Baldo and Arantes.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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