Site-specific contribution of Toll-like receptor 4 to intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory disease.

Autor: Bruning EE; Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia., Coller JK; Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia., Wardill HR; Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.; Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, The University of Groningen (University Medical Centre Groningen), Groningen, The Netherlands., Bowen JM; Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of cellular physiology [J Cell Physiol] 2021 Feb; Vol. 236 (2), pp. 877-888. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 30.
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29976
Abstrakt: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a highly conserved protein of innate immunity, responsible for the regulation and maintenance of homeostasis, as well as immune recognition of external and internal ligands. TLR4 is expressed on a variety of cell types throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including on epithelial and immune cell populations. In a healthy state, epithelial cell expression of TLR4 greatly assists in homeostasis by shaping the host microbiome, promoting immunoglobulin A production, and regulating follicle-associated epithelium permeability. In contrast, immune cell expression of TLR4 in healthy states is primarily centred on the maturation of dendritic cells in response to stimuli, as well as adequately priming the adaptive immune system to fight infection and promote immune memory. Hence, in a healthy state, there is a clear distinction in the site-specific roles of TLR4 expression. Similarly, recent research has indicated the importance of site-specific TLR4 expression in inflammation and disease, particularly the impact of epithelial-specific TLR4 on disease progression. However, the majority of evidence still remains ambiguous for cell-specific observations, with many studies failing to provide the distinction of epithelial versus immune cell expression of TLR4, preventing specific mechanistic insight and greatly impacting the translation of results. The following review provides a critical overview of the current understanding of site-specific TLR4 activity and its contribution to intestinal/immune homeostasis and inflammatory diseases.
(© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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