River water irrigation with heavy metal load influences soil biological activities and risk factors.

Autor: Singh P; Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Amity Institute of Environment Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India. Electronic address: pssinghpooja@gmail.com., Purakayastha TJ; Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. Electronic address: tpurakayastha@gmail.com., Mitra S; Centre for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India. Electronic address: sudipmitra@iitg.ac.in., Bhowmik A; Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. Electronic address: arpan.stat@gmail.com., Tsang DCW; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: dan.tsang@polyu.edu.hk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2020 Sep 15; Vol. 270, pp. 110517. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 04.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110517
Abstrakt: The Yamuna is one of the most polluted rivers in India and the land adjacent to river flowing through Delhi city is widely irrigated with its water for growing various food crops. Present study was undertaken to assess the heavy metal load in Yamuna water and surrounding soils of the river bank and its impact on soil enzyme activities. Long term impact of irrigation by Yamuna water on the activities of various soil enzymes namely dehydrogenase (DHA), urease (UA), fluroscein diacetate (FDA), aryl sulphatase (ASA), nitrate reductase (NRA), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) were assessed. The sensitivity of soil enzymes to heavy metals were observed as DHA>UA>ASA>NRS. Total organic carbon, easily oxidisable soil organic carbon, available phosphorus and available potassium in different sites varied significantly. Total heavy metal contents in soils showed a decreasing order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>Co>As>Cd and the DTPA extractable heavy metal contents followed the order: Mn>Cu>Pb>Zn >Fe>Ni>Cd>Cr>Co>As. Potential ecological risk factors (Er) were under low risk and comprehensive potential ecological risk indices (Ri) were found to be under low, moderate and high risk categories. Copper (Cu) is the main pollutant contributing considerable load to Ri. From (Ri) principal component analysis and cluster analysis, it is evident that the Okhla site (S8) is most contaminated. The water from Yamuna river needs to be cautiously used for growing various food crops on land adjacent to the river as its long-term usage might cross the permissible limits of heavy metals in the soil.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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